tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-65720785043621722212024-02-07T13:25:29.809-08:006 Day War6 Day War weapon, time-line, videos etcPeace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comBlogger25125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-20432943263060994122011-01-03T08:37:00.000-08:002011-01-03T10:39:45.272-08:00Infantry weapons in six day war<div style="text-align: justify;"><h1>List of Infantry weapons used by IDF ( Israel) in Six Day War</h1><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">1</span><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mw-redirect">. Uzi</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> The Uzi's compact size and firepower proved instrumental in clearing Syrian bunkers and Jordanian defensive positions during the 1967 Six-Day War.<table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">IMI Uzi</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="Uzi 1.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Uzi_1.jpg/300px-Uzi_1.jpg" width="300" height="150" /></span><br />The IMI Uzi submachine gun.</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">Submachine Gun</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="16" /> </span>Israel</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>3.5 kg (7.72 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-miller2001_0-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td> <ul><li>640 mm (25.2 in) stock extended<sup id="cite_ref-miller2001_0-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></li><li>470 mm (18.5 in) stock collapsed</li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Barrel length</th> <td>260 mm (10.2 in)<sup id="cite_ref-miller2001_0-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Cartridge</th> <td>9x19mm Parabellum, <span class="mw-redirect">.22 LR</span>, .45 ACP, .41 AE</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Action</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">Blowback</span><sup id="cite_ref-miller2001_0-4" class="reference"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Rate of fire</th> <td>600 rounds/min<sup id="cite_ref-miller2001_0-5" class="reference"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Muzzle velocity</th> <td>400 <span class="mw-redirect">m/s</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Effective range</th> <td>200 <span class="mw-redirect">m</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Feed system</th> <td>10 (.22 and .41 AE), 16 (.45 ACP) 20, 32, 40 and 50-round box <span class="mw-redirect">magazines</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Sights</th> <td>Iron sights</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br />2. FN FAL,<br />3. FN MAG,<br />4. M2 Browning,<br />5. Nord SS.10,<br />6. RL-83 Blindicide anti-tank infantry weapon,<br />7. Jeep mounted 106mm recoilless rifle<br /><br /><br /><h1>List of Infantry weapons used by Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Iraq in Six Day War</h1><br />1. Port Said submachinegun, <b>Kulsprutepistol m/45</b> (Kpist m/45)<br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Kulsprutepistol m/45 (Kpist m/45)</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="Carl Gustav M45-b.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Carl_Gustav_M45-b.jpg/300px-Carl_Gustav_M45-b.jpg" width="300" height="127" /></span><br />Carl Gustav m/45 on display</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Submachine gun</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="14" /> </span>Sweden</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Production history</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Designed</th> <td>1944</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Manufacturer</th> <td>Carl Gustafs Stads Gevärsfaktori<br />Maadi Factories, Egypt</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Produced</th> <td>1945–1964 (Sweden)<br />1965–1970 (Egypt)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Number built</th> <td>approx. 300,000</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Variants</th> <td>m/45, m/45B, m/45C, m/45D, m/45S, Port Said, Akaba, US Navy modification (no official designation) with silencer.</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>3.35 kg without magazine</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>550/808 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Barrel length</th> <td>212 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Cartridge</th> <td>9x19mm Parabellum</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Action</th> <td>Simple (straight) <span class="mw-redirect">Blowback</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Rate of fire</th> <td>600 round/min</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Muzzle velocity</th> <td>425 m/s</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Effective range</th> <td>250 m</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Feed system</th> <td>36-round box, 50-round box "coffin" and 71-round drum (applies only to the first production m/45 with the removable magazine support)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br />2. AK-47<br />3. RPK, <span class="mw-redirect"><br />4. RPD</span>,<br />5. DShK HMG,<br />6. B-11 recoilless rifle</div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-50798019802891113872011-01-01T07:22:00.000-08:002011-01-01T07:31:49.524-08:00List of Anti-Aircraft Warfare in Six Day War<div style="text-align: justify;"><h1>List of Israel's Anti Aircraft Warfare in Six Day War</h1><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">1. MIM-23 Hawk</span>, The Raytheon <b>MIM-23 Hawk</b> is a <span class="mw-redirect">U.S.</span> medium range surface-to-air missile. The Hawk was initially designed to destroy aircraft and was later adapted to destroy other missiles in flight. The missile entered service in 1960, and a program of extensive upgrades has kept it from becoming obsolete.<br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">MIM-23 Hawk</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="image"><img alt="A Hawk loading vehicle reloading a launching trailer" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hawk_mobile.jpg/300px-Hawk_mobile.jpg" width="300" height="240" /></span><br />MIM-23 Hawk</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Surface-to-air missile</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td>United States</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Service history</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">In service</th> <td>August 1960 - present<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Production history</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Manufacturer</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">Raytheon Corporation</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Unit cost</th> <td>$250,000 per missile<br />$15 million per fire unit<br />$30 million per battery</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>1,290 pounds (590 kg)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>16 feet 8 inches (5.08 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Diameter</th> <td>14.5 inches (370 mm)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Warhead</th> <td>119 pounds (54 kg) blast fragmentation warhead</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>solid-fuel rocket engine<br /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Wingspan</th> <td>3 feet 11 inches (1.19 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>15 mi (24 km)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Flight ceiling</th> <td>45,000 feet (14,000 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>>Mach 2.4</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Guidance<br />system</th> <td>Semi-active radar homing</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br />2. Bofors 40 mm, The <b>Bofors 40 mm gun</b> is an anti-aircraft autocannon designed by the Swedish defence firm of Bofors. It was one of the most popular medium-weight anti-aircraft systems during World War II, used by most of the western Allies as well as various other forces. The cannon remains in service in various roles to this day, making it one of the longest-serving artillery pieces of all time. It is often referred to simply as the <i><b>Bofors gun</b></i>.<br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Bofors 40 mm gun</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="image"><img alt="Bofors-p004596.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bofors-p004596.jpg/250px-Bofors-p004596.jpg" width="250" height="256" /></span><br /><b>Bofors 40 mm/L60</b>. This example includes the British-designed <i>Stiffkey Sight</i>, being operated by the aimer standing to the right of the loader (turned sideways). It operates the trapeze seen above the sights, moving the sights to adjust for lead.</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Autocannon</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="14" /> </span>Sweden</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Service history</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">In service</th> <td>1934–present</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Used by</th> <td>See <i>users</i></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Wars</th> <td>World War II, Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts, <span class="mw-redirect">Arab-Israeli conflict</span>, Korean War, <span class="mw-redirect">Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation</span>, Vietnam War, South African Border War, Falklands War, Gulf War, <span class="mw-redirect">Yugoslav wars</span>, Iraq War, Lebanese Civil War</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Production history</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Designer</th> <td>Bofors</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Designed</th> <td>1930</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Manufacturer</th> <td>Bofors (1932–2006)<br />BAE Systems AB (2006 onwards)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Produced</th> <td>1932–present</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Variants</th> <td>See 40 mm L/70</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>L/60: 1,981 kg (4,370 lb)<br /><p>L/70: 5,150 kg (11,400 lb)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>dependent on use</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Shell</th> <td>Complete round: -<br />L/60 40x311mmR (1.57 in), L/70 40x364mmR</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Caliber</th> <td>40 mm L/60-70 (actual caliber varies from 56-70, based on model)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Carriage</th> <td>522 kg (1,150 lb)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Elevation</th> <td>L/60: -5°/+90°(55°/s)<br />L/70: -20°/+80°(57°/s)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Traverse</th> <td>Full 360°<br />L/60: 50°/s<br />L/70: 92°/s</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Rate of fire</th> <td>L/60: 120 round/min<br />L/70: 330 round/min</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Muzzle velocity</th> <td>L/60: 881 m/s (2,890 <span class="mw-redirect">ft/s</span>)<br />L/70: 1,021 m/s (3,350 ft/s)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Maximum range</th> <td>L/60: 7,160 m (23,490 <span class="mw-redirect">ft</span>)<br />L/70: 12,500 m (41,000 ft)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><br /><h1>List of Anti Aircraft Warfare in Six Day War used by Jordan, Egypt, Syria<br /></h1> <br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">1. SA-2 Guideline</span>, is a Soviet designed high-altitude, command guided, surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. Since its first deployment in 1957, it has become the most widely deployed and used air defense missile in history.<br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">S-75 Dvina<br /><small>(NATO reporting name: SA-2 Guideline)</small></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="image"><img alt="Sa-2camo.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sa-2camo.jpg/300px-Sa-2camo.jpg" width="300" height="164" /></span><br />S-75 including V-750 missile on camouflaged launcher</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Strategic SAM system</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="11" /> </span>Soviet Union</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Service history</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">In service</th> <td>1957-present</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Used by</th> <td>See list of present and former operator</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Wars</th> <td>Vietnam War, Six-Day War, Cold War, <span class="mw-redirect">Iran-Iraq War</span>, Gulf War, War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Production history</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Designer</th> <td>Lavochkin OKB</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Designed</th> <td>1953-1957</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Produced</th> <td>1957</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Number built</th> <td>Approx 4600 missiles produced</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Variants</th> <td>S-75 Dvina, S-75M-2 Volkhov-M, S-75 Desna, S-75M Volkhov, S-75M Volga</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">2. ZSU-57-2 Twin 57mm mobile anti-aircraft cannon</span>, is a Soviet <span class="mw-redirect">self-propelled anti-aircraft gun</span> (SPAAG), armed with two 57 mm autocannons. 'ZSU' stands for <i>Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka</i><span lang="ru"></span>, meaning "anti-aircraft self-propelled mount", '57' stands for the bore of the armament in millimetres and '2' stands for the number of gun barrels. It was the first Soviet mass produced tracked SPAAG. In the USSR it had the unofficial nickname "Sparka", meaning "pair", referring to the twin autocannon with which the vehicle is armed.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZSU-57-2#cite_note-A_Brief_Guide_to_Russian_Armored_Fighting_Vehicles-10"><span></span></a><br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">ZSU-57-2 (Ob'yekt 500)</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="image"><img alt="ZSU-57-2.JPG" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/ZSU-57-2.JPG/300px-ZSU-57-2.JPG" width="300" height="400" /></span><br />ZSU-57-2 at the <span class="extiw">Lubuskie Military Museum</span> in <span class="extiw">Drzonów</span>, Poland, 1 July 2007.</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="11" /> </span>Soviet Union</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Service history</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">In service</th> <td>1955 – Present (before the beginning of the 1970s in the USSR)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Used by</th> <td>See Operators</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Wars</th> <td>See Service history and Combat history</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Production history</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Designer</th> <td>Design Bureaus of Omsk Works No. 174 and Research Institute No. 58 in Kaliningrad, Moscow Oblast</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Designed</th> <td>1947–1954<sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Fpvo.guns.ru.2Fbook.2Fuvz.2Findex.htm_0-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Manufacturer</th> <td>Omsk Works No. 174</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Produced</th> <td>1957 - 1960<sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Fpvo.guns.ru.2Fbook.2Fuvz.2Findex.htm_0-1" class="reference"><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Fegvqe-6.info.2Findex-19.html_1-0" class="reference"><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Number built</th> <td>More than 2,023 (USSR)<sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI_3-0" class="reference"><span></span></sup><br />250 (North Korea, old turrets on new hulls)<sup id="cite_ref-MILITARIA_JOWITKA_2-1" class="reference"><span></span></sup><br /> ? (PRC, Type 80)<sup id="cite_ref-MILITARIA_JOWITKA_2-2" class="reference"><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sino_Defense_5-0" class="reference"><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>28.1 tonnes<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_6-0" class="reference"><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Farmoured.vif2.ru.2Fzsu-57-2.htm_8-0" class="reference"><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>8.46 m with gun in forward position (6.22 m hull only)<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_6-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Ftankman.fatal.ru.2Fpvo.2Fzsu_57_2.htm_9-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fas.org_7-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>3.27 m<sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Ftankman.fatal.ru.2Fpvo.2Fzsu_57_2.htm_9-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fas.org_7-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>2.71 m<sup id="cite_ref-MILITARIA_JOWITKA_2-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />2.75 m (with a tarpaulin top)<sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Fegvqe-6.info.2Findex-19.html_1-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MILITARIA_JOWITKA_2-4" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fas.org_7-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>6 (commander, driver, gunner, sight adjuster and two loaders)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armor</th> <td>8-15 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td>2 x 57 mm L/76.6 S-60 anti-aircraft autocannons (57 mm S-68A twin anti-aircraft autocannon) (300 rounds)<sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Farmoured.vif2.ru.2Fzsu-57-2.htm_8-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-A_Brief_Guide_to_Russian_Armored_Fighting_Vehicles_10-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>V-54, 12-cylinder 4-stroke V-shaped airless-injection water-cooled 38.88 liter diesel<br />520 hp (388 kW) at 2,000 rpm<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_6-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>18.5 hp/tonne (13.81 kW/tonne)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>individual torsion bar with hydraulic shock absorbers on the first and last road wheels</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Ground clearance</th> <td>425 mm<sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Farmoured.vif2.ru.2Fzsu-57-2.htm_8-6" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Fuel capacity</th> <td>830 l (including two externally-mounted fuel tanks, 95 l each)<sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Farmoured.vif2.ru.2Fzsu-57-2.htm_8-5" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>420 km (road)<sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Ftankman.fatal.ru.2Fpvo.2Fzsu_57_2.htm_9-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fas.org_7-5" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Farmoured.vif2.ru.2Fzsu-57-2.htm_8-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />320 km (off-road)<sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Ftankman.fatal.ru.2Fpvo.2Fzsu_57_2.htm_9-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Farmoured.vif2.ru.2Fzsu-57-2.htm_8-4" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>50 km/h (31 mph) (road)<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_6-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fas.org_7-4" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-http:.2F.2Farmoured.vif2.ru.2Fzsu-57-2.htm_8-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />30 km/h (off-road)<sup id="cite_ref-MILITARIA_JOWITKA_2-5" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-7441950775731571932010-12-29T01:15:00.000-08:002010-12-29T01:23:58.224-08:00List of Helicopters in Six Day War<div style="text-align: justify;"><h1>List of Israel Helicopters in Six Day War</h1>1. <b>Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon<br /></b>Israel ordered 12 helicopters in 1965 to provide the IAF with a heavy lift transport capability. The close ties between Israel and France in the mid 1960s made the choice of a French helicopter inevitable and in early 1965 an IAF delegation of air and ground crews left for France to study the new aircraft.<br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: large; padding-bottom: 0.3em;">SA 321 Super Frelon</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.5em;"> <div style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"> <div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"><span class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Super_Frelon_4.jpg/300px-Super_Frelon_4.jpg" width="300" height="189" /></span></div> </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); text-align: center;">A <i>Super Frelon</i> helicopter n°165 of the 32F Wing flying over Portsmouth</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Role</th> <td>Heavy lift military <span class="mw-redirect">Transport helicopter</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Manufacturer</th> <td>Aérospatiale</td> </tr> <tr> <th>First flight</th> <td>7 December 1962</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Introduced</th> <td>1966</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Primary user</th> <td>French military</td> </tr> <tr> <th><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Number built</span></th> <td>99</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Variants</th> <td>Avicopter AC313</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><b><br /></b>2. <b>Sikorsky S-58 Choctaw</b>, S-58 designed for improved cargo variant<br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: large; padding-bottom: 0.3em;">Sikorsky H-34/S-58</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.5em;"> <div style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"> <div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"><span class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sikorsky_S-58_landing_c.jpg/300px-Sikorsky_S-58_landing_c.jpg" width="300" height="237" /></span></div> </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Role</th> <td>Helicopter</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Manufacturer</th> <td>Sikorsky Aircraft</td> </tr> <tr> <th>First flight</th> <td>8 March 1954</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Introduced</th> <td>1954</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Status</th> <td>out of production, still in civilian service</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Primary users</th> <td>United States Army<br />United States Navy<br /><span class="mw-redirect">United States Marines</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Number built</span></th> <td>2,108</td> </tr> <tr> <th><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Developed from</span></th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">H-19 Chickasaw</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Variants</th> <td>Westland Wessex</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><h1>List of Syria, Egypt, Iraq and Jordan Helicopters in Six Day War</h1>1. <b>Mil Mi-6</b><br />The <b>Mil Mi-6</b> (NATO reporting name "Hook") was a <span class="mw-redirect">Soviet</span>/Russian heavy transport helicopter designed by the Mil design bureau and built in large numbers for both military and civil roles.<br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: large; padding-bottom: 0.3em;">Mi-6</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.5em;"> <div style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"> <div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"><span class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mi-6_helicopter-riga.jpg/300px-Mi-6_helicopter-riga.jpg" width="300" height="132" /></span></div> </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); text-align: center;">Mi-6 at Riga, Latvia.</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Role</th> <td>Heavy transport helicopter</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Manufacturer</th> <td>Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant</td> </tr> <tr> <th>First flight</th> <td>5 September 1957<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Introduction</th> <td>1962</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Retired</th> <td>2002 (Russia CAA)</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Status</th> <td>In service with foreign users</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Primary users</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">Soviet Air Force</span><br />Aeroflot</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Produced</th> <td>1960 to 1981<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Number built</span></th> <td>925+</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Variants</th> <td>Mil Mi-10</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br />2. <b>Mil Mi-4</b><br />The <b>Mil Mi-4</b> (<span class="mw-redirect">USAF</span>/DoD reporting name <b>"Type 36"</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> NATO reporting name <b>"Hound"</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></sup>) was a <span class="mw-redirect">Soviet transport</span> helicopter that served in both military and civilian roles.<br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: large; padding-bottom: 0.3em;">Mi-4</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.5em;"> <div style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"> <div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"><span class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mi-4-JH01.jpg/300px-Mi-4-JH01.jpg" width="300" height="200" /></span></div> </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); text-align: center;">Mil Mi-4 at Prague Aviation Museum</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Role</th> <td>Transport helicopter</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Manufacturer</th> <td>Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant</td> </tr> <tr> <th>First flight</th> <td>3 June 1952</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Introduced</th> <td>1953</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Status</th> <td>Retired</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Primary users</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">Soviet Air Force</span><br />Polish Air Force</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Produced</th> <td>1951-1969</td> </tr> <tr> <th><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Number built</span></th> <td>over 4,500 including Z-5s</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Variants</th> <td>Harbin Z-5</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-89445767638215024042010-12-20T14:25:00.000-08:002010-12-20T23:17:16.158-08:00List of Aircraft in Six Day War<div style="text-align: justify;">In three hours on the morning of June 5, 1967, the first day of the Six Day War, the Israeli Air Force executed Operation Focus, crippling the opposing Arab air forces and attaining air supremacy for the remainder of the war. In a surprise attack, the IAF destroyed most of the Egyptian Air Force while its planes were still on the ground. By the end of the day, with surrounding Arab countries also drawn into the fighting, the IAF had mauled the Syrian and <span class="mw-redirect">Jordanian</span> air forces as well, striking as far as Iraq. After six days of fighting Israel claimed a total of 452 Arab aircraft destroyed, of which 49 were aerial victories.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><h1>List of Israel Aircraft in Six Day War</h1><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Dassault Mirage III</span>, The <b>Mirage III</b> is a supersonic fighter aircraft designed in France by Dassault Aviation during the late 1950s, and manufactured both in France and a number of other countries. It was a successful fighter aircraft used by Israel Air Force during six day war.<br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: large; padding-bottom: 0.3em;">Mirage III</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"> <div style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"> <div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"><span class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/RAAF_Mirage_III_1.JPEG/300px-RAAF_Mirage_III_1.JPEG" width="300" height="204" /></span></div> </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); text-align: center;">Royal Australian Air Force Mirage IIIO(F) (fighter) from 2 Operational Conversion Unit.</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Role</th> <td>Interceptor aircraft</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Manufacturer</th> <td>Dassault Aviation</td> </tr> <tr> <th>First flight</th> <td>17 November 1956</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Dimensions</th> <td><table class="reg1" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="3"><tbody><tr><td><b>Length:</b></td> <td>49 ft, 3 in (15.02 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Wingspan:</b></td> <td>27 ft (8.24 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Height:</b></td> <td>14 ft, 9 in (4.50 m) -- Mirage 50M</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Status</th> <td>Active service</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Weight</th> <td>15,763 lb (7150 kg) - 32,407 lb (14700 kg)</td> </tr> <tr> <th><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Speed</span></th> <td>Max level speed 'clean' at 39,370 ft (12000 m) 1,453 mph (1,262 kt / 2338 km/h)</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Armanent</th> <td>Cannon: 2 30mm DEFA 552, R.530 R.550 Magic, AS.37 Martel, EU3 450Kg bombs, AN52 nuclear bombs</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br />2. Dassault Super Mystère<br /><br />3. Sud Aviation Vautour<br /><br />4. <span class="mw-redirect">Mystere IV</span><br /><br />5. Dassault Ouragan<br /><br />6. Fouga Magister<br /><br />7. Nord 2501IS<br /><br /><h1>List of Syria, Egypt, Iraq and Jordan Aircraft in Six Day War</h1><br />1. Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21, The <b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21</b> is a <span class="mw-redirect">supersonic</span> jet fighter aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union.<br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: large; padding-bottom: 0.3em;">MiG-21</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"> <div style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"> <div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"><span class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/83/MiG_above_clouds.jpg/300px-MiG_above_clouds.jpg" width="300" height="200" /></span></div> </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); text-align: center;"><span class="mw-redirect">Croatian Air Force</span> MiG-21bis D</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Role</th> <td>Fighter</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Manufacturer</th> <td>Mikoyan-Gurevich OKB</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Designed by</th> <td>Artem Mikoyan</td> </tr> <tr> <th>First flight</th> <td>14 February 1955 (Ye-2)</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Introduced</th> <td>1959 (MiG-21F)</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Powerplant<br /></th> <td>1 × Tumanskiy R11F-300, 37.27 kN (8,380 lbf) thrust dry, 56.27 kN (12,650 lbf) with afterburner each</td> </tr> <tr> <th><b>Maximum speed</b></th> <td>2,125 km/h (1,385 mph), Mach 2.05</td> </tr> <tr> <th><b>Range</b></th> <td>1,580 km (981 miles)</td> </tr> <tr> <th><b>Armanent</b></th> <td><ul><li>1x internal 30 mm <span class="mw-redirect">NR-30</span> cannon, plus</li><li>2x <span class="mw-redirect">K-13</span> or K-13A (R-3S) AAM <i>or</i></li><li>2x 500 kg (1,102 lbs) of bombs</li></ul></td> </tr> </tbody></table><br />2. <span class="mw-redirect">MiG-19</span>, <span class="mw-redirect"><br />3. MiG-17</span>, <span class="mw-redirect"><br />4. Su-7</span>B, <span class="mw-redirect"><br />5. Tu-16</span>,<br />6. Il-28,<br />7. Il-18,<br />8. Il-14,<br />9. An-12<br /><br /></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-41881632454342095652010-12-12T09:53:00.000-08:002010-12-20T10:25:18.341-08:00APCs and IFVs in Six Day War<div style="text-align: justify;"><h1>The list of Armored Personal Carrier and Infantry Fighting Vehicle used by Israel (IDF) and Arabs in Six day war:</h1><br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /><br />Armored Personal Carrier and Infantry Fighting Vehicle used by Israel (IDF) in Six day war:</span></span><br />1. <span style="font-weight: bold;">M2 Half-track</span><br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">M2 Half Track Car</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="M2-Halftrack.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/M2-Halftrack.jpg" width="300" height="270" /></span><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Half-track <span class="mw-redirect">armored personnel carrier</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>9 metric tons</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>5.96 m (19 ft 7 in)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>2.2 m (7 ft 3 in)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>2.26 m (7 ft 5 in)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>2 + 7 passengers</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armor</th> <td>6 - 12 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td>0.5 inch M2 Browning machine gun</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>White 160AX<br />147 hp (110 kW)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>Wheeled front axle, rear track</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>200 miles (320 km)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>40 mph (64 km/h)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">2. M3 Half-track</span><br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Carrier, Personnel Half-track M3</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="M3 Halftrack.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/M3_Halftrack.jpg/300px-M3_Halftrack.jpg" width="300" height="156" /></span><br />M3 half-track with .30 (7.62 mm) Browning M1919 machinegun</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Half-track <span class="mw-redirect">armored personnel carrier</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="12" /> </span>United States</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>9.3 t</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>6.18 m</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>2.22 m</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>2.26 m, wheelbase 135.5 in (3,440 mm)<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>3 + 10 troops</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td>1 x 0.5 in (12.7 mm) M2 machine gun</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>2 x 0.3 in (7.62 mm) M1919A4 machine guns</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>White 160AX, 386 cu in (6,330 cc),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> 6 cylinder, petrol, compression ratio 6.3:1,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />147 hp (110 kW)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>15.8 hp/tonne</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>half track, vertical volute springs; front tread 64.5 in (1,640 mm) to 66.5 in (1,690 mm)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Fuel capacity</th> <td>60 US gal (230 l)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>175 mi (282 km)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>45 mph (72 km/h)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><span></span></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Armored Personal Carrier and Infantry Fighting Vehicle used by Egypt, Jordan, Syria (Arabs) in Six day war:</span></span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">1. BTR-40</span><br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">BTR-40</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="BTR-40-latrun-2.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/BTR-40-latrun-2.jpg/300px-BTR-40-latrun-2.jpg" width="300" height="220" /></span><br />Ex-Egyptian or ex-Syrian Israeli-modified BTR-40 at the Yad la-Shiryon Museum, Israel, 2005.</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Wheeled <span class="mw-redirect">Armoured Personnel Carrier</span><br />Reconnaissance Vehicle</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="11" /> </span>Soviet Union</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>5.3 tonnes</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>5 m<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_2_1-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>1.9 m<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_2_1-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>2.2 m (1.83 m without armament)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>2 + 8 passengers (BTR-40 and BTR-40V)<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_2_1-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />2 + 6 passengers (BTR-40B)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armor</th> <td>6-8 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td>7.62 <span class="mw-redirect">SGMB</span> medium machine gun (1,250 rounds (total)) (optional)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>2×7.62 <span class="mw-redirect">SGMB</span> medium machine gun (1,250 rounds (total)) (optional)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>6-cylinder GAZ-40<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_2_1-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />80 hp (60 kW) at 3400 rpm<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_2_1-4" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>15.1 hp/tonne (11.3 kW/tonne)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>4x4 wheel, leaf spring</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Ground clearance</th> <td>400 mm<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_2_1-9" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Fuel capacity</th> <td>122 l<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_2_1-8" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>430 km (road)<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_2_1-6" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />385 km (cross country)<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_2_1-7" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>80 km/h</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">2. BTR-152</span><br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">BTR-152</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="BTR 152 Yerevan.JPG" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c5/BTR_152_Yerevan.JPG/300px-BTR_152_Yerevan.JPG" width="300" height="225" /></span><br />BTR-152 in Yerevan, Armenia.</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">Armored personnel carrier</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="11" /> </span>Soviet Union</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>9.91 tonnes<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_1-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>6.55 m<br />6.83 m for BTR-152V</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>2.32 m</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>2.04 m (without the mg)<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_1-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />2.36 m (with the mg)<sup id="cite_ref-softland_0-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />2.41 m (BTR-152V with the mg)<sup id="cite_ref-softland_0-4" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>2 (+18 passengers)<sup id="cite_ref-BTR-152_2-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armor</th> <td>welded steel<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_1_3-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />15 mm front<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_1-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />9 mm sides and rear<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_1_3-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />10 mm roof<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_1_3-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />4 mm bottom<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_1_3-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td>7.62mm <span class="mw-redirect">SGMB</span> light machine gun (1,250 rounds) (12.7 mm DShK 1938/46 heavy machine gun (500 rounds) can be used instead)<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_1-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>2x7.62mm SGMB light machine guns (1,250-1,750 rounds) on side pintel mounts (optional)<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_1-4" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>ZIS-123 6 cylinder in-line water-cooled petrol (for variants based on ZiS-151)<br />ZiL-137K 6 cylinder in-line petrol (for variants based on ZiL-157)<sup id="cite_ref-AMW_-_Agencja_Mienia_Wojskowego_4-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />110 hp (82 kW) at 3,000 rpm. (for variants based on ZiS-151)<br />107 hp (80 kW) (for variants based on ZiL-157)<sup id="cite_ref-AMW_-_Agencja_Mienia_Wojskowego_4-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>11.1 hp/tonne (8.3 kW/tonne)<br />10.8 hp/tonne (8.1 kW/tonne) for BTR-152V<sup id="cite_ref-softland_0-5" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>wheeled 6×6<br />front - 2 leaf springs and hydraulic shock absorbers.<br />rear - equalising type with 2 leaf springs and torsion bars.</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Ground clearance</th> <td>300 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Fuel capacity</th> <td>300 l (79 gal)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>650 km (404 miles)<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_1-5" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>75 km/h<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_2_5-0" class="reference"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></sup><br />65 km/h for BTR-152V</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">3. BTR-50</span><br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">BTR-50</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="BTR-50-latrun-1-2.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/BTR-50-latrun-1-2.jpg/300px-BTR-50-latrun-1-2.jpg" width="300" height="188" /></span><br />Israeli-modified ex-Syrian or ex-Egyptian late-production model BTR-50PK APC at the Yad la-Shiryon Museum, Israel. 2005.</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Amphibious Tracked <span class="mw-redirect">Armored Personnel Carrier</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="11" /> </span>Soviet Union</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>14.5 tonnes</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>7.08 m<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Security_0-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>3.14 m</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>2.03 m</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>2 (driver and commander) (+20 passengers)<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Security_0-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td>None or 7.62 mm <span class="mw-redirect">SGMB</span> medium machine gun (BTR-50P) (1,250 rounds)<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Security_0-4" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />14.5 mm KPV heavy machine gun (BTR-50PA)<br />7.62 mm <span class="mw-redirect">SGMB</span> medium machine gun (BTR-50PK) (1,250 rounds)<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Security_0-5" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>none<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Security_0-6" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>V-6 6-cylinder 4-stroke in line water cooled diesel<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Security_0-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />240 hp (179 kW) at 1,800 rpm<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Security_0-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>16.6 hp/t</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>torsion bar</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Ground clearance</th> <td>370 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Fuel capacity</th> <td>400 l<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Security_0-8" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>400 km<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Security_0-7" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>44 km/h (road)<br />11 km/h (water)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">4. BTR-60</span><br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">BTR-60</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="BTR-60PB DA-ST-89-06597.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/BTR-60PB_DA-ST-89-06597.jpg/300px-BTR-60PB_DA-ST-89-06597.jpg" width="300" height="176" /></span><br />BTR-60PB</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Wheeled Amphibious <span class="mw-redirect">Armored Personnel Carrier</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="11" /> </span>Soviet Union</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications (BTR-60PB)</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>10.3 tonnes<sup id="cite_ref-Czo.C5.82gi_.C5.9Awiata_1_0-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>7.56 m<sup id="cite_ref-softland_1_4-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>2.825 m<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>2.31 m<sup id="cite_ref-softland_1_4-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>3 + 8 passengers<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armor</th> <td>Welded steel<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_1_1-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />7 mm at 86° hull upper front<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_1_1-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />9 mm at 47° hull lower front<sup id="cite_ref-Pancerni_1_1-4" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-4" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />7 mm hull sides<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-5" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />5 mm hull upper rear<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-6" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />7 mm hull lower rear<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-7" class="reference"><span></span></sup><br />5 mm hull floor<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-8" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />7 mm hull roof<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-9" class="reference"><span></span></sup><br />10 mm turret front<sup id="cite_ref-FAS_8-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />7 mm turret sides<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-10" class="reference"><span></span></sup><br />7 mm turret sear<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-11" class="reference"><span></span></sup><br />7 mm turret roof<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-12" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td>14.5mm <span class="mw-redirect">KPVT</span> heavy machine gun (500 rounds)<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-14" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>7.62 mm <span class="mw-redirect">PKT</span> tank coaxial machine gun (3,000 rounds)<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-15" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>2×GAZ-40P 6-cylinder gasoline<sup id="cite_ref-Czo.C5.82gi_.C5.9Awiata_1_0-3" class="reference"><span></span></sup><br />90 hp (67 kW) each<sup id="cite_ref-Czo.C5.82gi_.C5.9Awiata_1_0-4" class="reference"><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JED_The_Military_Equipment_Directory_11-0" class="reference"><span></span></sup><br />180 hp (134 kW) (combined)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>18.4 hp/tonne (13.7 kW/tonne)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>wheeled 8×8</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Ground clearance</th> <td>475 mm<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-20" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Fuel capacity</th> <td>290 l<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-19" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>500 km<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-18" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>80 km/h on road<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-16" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />10 km/h on water<sup id="cite_ref-Gary.27s_Combat_Vehicle_Reference_Guide_5-17" class="reference"><span></span></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-6027439790717092522010-11-30T12:44:00.000-08:002010-12-10T12:13:36.583-08:00AFV and Tank in Six Day War<div style="text-align: justify;">The list of Armoured Fighting Vehicle and Tank used by Israel (IDF) and Arabs in Six day war:<br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Armoured Fighting Vehicle and Tank used by Israel in Six day War:</span></span><br />1. <b>Sherman M-50</b> and the <b>Sherman M-51</b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0bgxDwKofoB-D9lHADuRPvCG-jeARAUWEVdSTND1CLDjEYHGKRsywBRY9kJogxTVZYXIYCQYeWkldux4imw_Bh8IU9EVLYTdpuMNPOlfdSoTrz1ha-TPjKpHx2Llthqqdn7bqPbtgZHs/s1600/1.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 250px; height: 180px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0bgxDwKofoB-D9lHADuRPvCG-jeARAUWEVdSTND1CLDjEYHGKRsywBRY9kJogxTVZYXIYCQYeWkldux4imw_Bh8IU9EVLYTdpuMNPOlfdSoTrz1ha-TPjKpHx2Llthqqdn7bqPbtgZHs/s320/1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5545449472702736274" border="0" /></a><br />modified versions of the M4 Sherman tank. The Sherman underwent extensive modifications including a larger 105mm medium velocity, French gun, redesigned turret, wider tracks, more armor and upgraded engine and suspension.<table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Medium Tank M4</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">Medium tank</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="12" /> </span>United States</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>66,800 pounds (30.3 tonnes; 29.8 long tons; 33.4 short tons)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>19 ft 2 in (5.84 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>8 ft 7 in (2.62 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>9 ft (2.74 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>5 (Commander, gunner, loader, driver, co-driver)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armor</th> <td>63 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td>French 105 mm <i>CN 105 F1</i> gun <p>90 rounds</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>.50 cal Browning M2HB machine gun (300 rounds),<br />2 × .30-06 Browning M1919A4 machine guns (4,750 rounds)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>Continental R975 C1, air-cooled, radial, gasoline<br />400 hp (298 kW) gross at 2,400 rpm<br />350 hp (253 kW) net at 2,400 rpm</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>15.8 hp/tonne</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Transmission</th> <td><span class="new">Spicer</span><sup id="cite_ref-Berndt.2C_p.195_2-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> manual, synchromesh,<sup id="cite_ref-Berndt.2C_p.195_2-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> 4 forward (plus 1 overdrive)<sup id="cite_ref-Berndt.2C_p.195_2-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> and 1 reverse gear</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>Vertical Volute Spring Suspension (VVSS)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>120 miles at 175 U.S. ga (193 km at 660 l; 80 octane)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>25 to 30 mph (40 to 48 km/h)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M4_Sherman#cite_note-1"><span></span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><br />2. <b>M48 Patton<br /></b><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">M48 Patton</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="M48A1-Patton-tank.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/M48A1-Patton-tank.jpg/300px-M48A1-Patton-tank.jpg" width="300" height="216" /></span><br />M48A1 medium tank</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Medium Tank<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="12" /> </span>United States</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>M48: 49.6 tons (45 tonnes) combat ready</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>30.22' (9.3 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>11.86' (3.65 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>10.07' (3.1 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armor</th> <td>120 mm (4.89")</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">90 mm gun</span> T54; M48A3 90mm gun M41; M48A5 and later variants: 105 mm M68 gun</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>.50 in (12.7 mm) M2 Browning machine gun<br />.30 in (7.62 mm) <span class="mw-redirect">M73 Machine gun</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>Continental AVDS-1790-5B V12, <span class="mw-redirect">air-cooled</span> Twin-turbo <span class="mw-redirect">gasoline engine</span> (early M48s) 810 hp (604 kW)<br /><p>Continental AVDS-1790-2 V12, air cooled Twin-turbo diesel engine<br />750 hp</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>15.1 hp/ton (16.6/tonne)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Transmission</th> <td>General Motors CD-850-4A or -4B, 2 ranges forward, 1 reverse</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>Torsion bar suspension</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Fuel capacity</th> <td>200 gals (757 litres)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>287 miles (463 km)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>30 mph (48 km/h)(M48A5)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><b><br /></b>3. <b>Centurion Tank<br /></b>The Centurion was upgraded with the British 105 mm L7 gun, prior to the war.<br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Centurion</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="Centurion cfb borden 1.JPG" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Centurion_cfb_borden_1.JPG/300px-Centurion_cfb_borden_1.JPG" width="300" height="225" /></span><br />Centurion Mk3</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Main battle tank</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="11" /> </span>United Kingdom</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>51 long tons (52 t)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>25 <span class="mw-redirect">ft</span> (7.6 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>11 feet 1 inch (3.38 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>9 feet 10.5 inches (3.010 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armour</th> <td>6 in (150 mm)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td>105 mm L7 rifled gun<br /><span class="mw-redirect">17 pdr</span><br /><span class="mw-redirect">20 pdr</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>.30 cal Browning machine gun</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">Rolls Royce Meteor</span><br />650 hp (480 <span class="mw-redirect">kW</span>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>13 hp/tonne</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>Horstmann suspension</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>280 miles (450 km)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>21 mph (34 km/h)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><b><br />4. </b><b>AMX-13<br /></b><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">AMX 13</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="AMX-13-.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/AMX-13-.jpg/300px-AMX-13-.jpg" width="300" height="179" /></span><br />AMX-13 on display</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Light tank</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="15" /> </span>France</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>13.7 t (30,000 lb) empty<br />14.5 t (32,000 lb) combat</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>4.88 m (16 <span class="mw-redirect">ft</span> 0 in) hull<br />6.36 m (20 ft 10 in) with gun</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>2.51 m (8 ft 3 in)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>2.35 m (7 ft 9 in)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>3 (Commander, gunner and driver)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armour</th> <td>10mm (.39 in) minimum<br />40 mm (1.57 in) maximum</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td>75 mm (or 90 mm or 105 mm) with 32 Rounds</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>7.5 mm (or 7.62 mm) coaxial MG with 3,600 Rounds, 7.62 mm AA MG (optional), 2×2 smoke grenade dischargers</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>SOFAM Model 8Gxb 8-cyl. water-cooled petrol<br />250 hp (190 <span class="mw-redirect">kW</span>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>15 hp/tonne</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>Torsion bar suspension</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>400 km (250 mi)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>60 km/h (37 mph)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Armoured Fighting Vehicle and Tank used by Egypt, Syria and Iraq in Six day War:</span></span><br />1.<b>T-34/85 Tank</b><br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">T-34</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="Char T-34.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Char_T-34.jpg/300px-Char_T-34.jpg" width="300" height="225" /></span><br />T-34-85 at Musée des Blindés</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">Medium tank</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="11" /> </span>Soviet Union</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications (T-34 Model 1941<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup>)</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>26.5 tonnes (29.2 ST; 26.1 LT)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>6.68 m (21 ft 11 in)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>3.00 m (9 ft 10 in)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>2.45 m (8 ft 0 in)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armor</th> <td>(typical)<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup> upper front 45 mm (1,8")/60°, hull side 45 mm (1.8")/40°(upper part), rear 40 mm, top 20 mm, bottom 15 mm; turret front 60 mm (2.4"), sides up to 63 mm/2.5"/30°, rear 40 mm, top 16 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td>76.2 mm (3.00 in) F-34 tank gun</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>2 × 7.62 mm (0.308 in) DT machine guns</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>12-cyl. diesel model V-2<br />500 hp (370 kW)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>17.5 hp/tonne</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>Christie</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>400 km (250 mi)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>53 km/h (33 mph)</td></tr></tbody></table><br />2.<b style="font-weight: bold;">T-54/T55</b><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Tank</span><br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">T-54/55</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="T-55 skos RB.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/T-55_skos_RB.jpg/300px-T-55_skos_RB.jpg" width="300" height="167" /></span><br />Polish T-55A, Poznań Citadel Museum of Arms<br />(front<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> rear<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> detail)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Main battle tank</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="11" /> </span>Soviet Union</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Service history</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">In service</th> <td>1950–present</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications (T-55)</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>39.7 tonnes</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>6.45 m</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>3.37 m</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>2.40 m</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armour</th> <td>203 mm turret, 99 mm hull, LOS = ~200 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td>D-10T 100 mm rifled gun</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>2×7.62 mm <span class="mw-redirect">SGMT</span> machine gun, (12.7 mm DShK heavy machine gun)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>Model V-55 12-cyl. 38.88-l diesel<br />581 hp (433 kW)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>14.6 hp/tonne</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">Torsion bar</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Ground clearance</th> <td>0.425 m</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Fuel capacity</th> <td>961 l (254 gal)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>501 km (311 mi), 600 km (373 mi) with extra tanks</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>55 km/h (34 mph)</td></tr></tbody></table><br />3. <span style="font-weight: bold;">PT-76 Tank</span><br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">PT-76</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="PT-76" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0e/Pt-76_afv.jpg/300px-Pt-76_afv.jpg" width="300" height="219" /></span><br />PT-76 on display near the Museum of the Great Patriotic War, Kiev</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Amphibious <span class="mw-redirect">Light Tank</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="11" /> </span>Soviet Union</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications (PT-76 model 1)</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>14.6 tonnes</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>6.91 m (hull)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>3.15 m</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>2.325 m</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>3 (driver, commander, loader)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armour</th> <td>20 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td>76,2 mm D-56T rifled tank gun (40 rds.)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>7.62 mm <span class="mw-redirect">SGMT</span> coax machine gun (1,000 rds.)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>6-cyl. diesel<br />240 hp (179 kW)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>16.4 hp/tonne</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">torsion-bar</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Ground clearance</th> <td>370 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Fuel capacity</th> <td>250 l</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>370–400 km, 480–510 km with external fuel</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>44 km/h (27 mph), 10.2 km/h (6.3 mph) swimming</td></tr></tbody></table><br />4. <i style="font-weight: bold;">Panzerkampfwagen</i><span style="font-weight: bold;"> IV (Pz.Kpfw. IV)</span><br /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Panzerkampfwagen IV</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="SdKfz161-1-1.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/SdKfz161-1-1.jpg/300px-SdKfz161-1-1.jpg" width="300" height="200" /></span><br />A Panzer IV Ausf G. in desert colors, bearing the palm tree insignia of the 15th Panzer Division of the Afrika Korps.</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Medium tank</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Nazi_Germany_%281933-1945%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nazi_Germany_%281933-1945%29.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="13" /> </span>Nazi Germany</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications (Pz IV Ausf H, 1943 <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></sup>)</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>25.0 tonnes (27.6 ST; 24.6 LT)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>7.02 m (23 ft 0 in)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>2.88 m (9 ft 5 in)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>2.68 m (8 ft 10 in)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>5 (commander, gunner, loader, driver, radio operator/bow machine-gunner)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armor</th> <td>10–80 mm (0.39–3.1 in)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td>7.5 cm (2.95 in) KwK 40 L/48 main gun (87 rds.)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>2-3 × <span class="mw-redirect">7.92-mm</span> Maschinengewehr 34</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>12-cylinder Maybach HL 120 TRM<br />300 PS (296 hp, 220 kW)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>12 PS/t</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Transmission</th> <td>6 forward and 1 reverse ratios</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>Leaf spring</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Fuel capacity</th> <td>470 l (120 US gal)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>200 km (120 mi)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>42 km/h (26 mph) road, 16 km/h (9.9 mph) off road</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><b><br /></b><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Armoured Fighting Vehicle and Tank used by Jordan in Six day War:</span></span><br />1. <b>M47 Patton Tank<br /></b><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">M47 Patton</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="M47.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/M47.jpg/300px-M47.jpg" width="300" height="199" /></span><br />M47 Patton on display</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Medium Tank<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="12" /> </span>United States</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>46 tonnes (50.7 short tons) combat ready</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>27 ft 11 in (8.51 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>11 ft 6.25 in (3.51 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>11 ft (3.35 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>5 (commander, gunner, loader, driver, assistant driver)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armor</th> <td>4 in (100 mm)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">90 mm gun</span> M36<br />71 rounds</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>0.5 in (12.7 mm) M2 machine gun<br />2 × 7.62 mm machine gun</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>Continental AVDS-1790-5B V12, <span class="mw-redirect">air-cooled</span>, Twin-turbo gasoline engine<br />810 hp (600 kW)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>17.6 hp/tonne</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Transmission</th> <td>General Motors CD-850-4, 2 ranges forward, 1 reverse</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>Torsion bar</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Fuel capacity</th> <td>231.94 gallons (878 liters)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>81 mi (130 km)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>30 mph (48 km/h)</td></tr></tbody></table><br />2. <b>M48 Patton Tank<br /></b><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr class="hproduct"><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">M48 Patton</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="M48A1-Patton-tank.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/M48A1-Patton-tank.jpg/300px-M48A1-Patton-tank.jpg" width="300" height="216" /></span><br />M48A1 medium tank</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Medium Tank<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="12" /> </span>United States</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Weight</th> <td>M48: 49.6 tons (45 tonnes) combat ready</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Length</th> <td>30.22' (9.3 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Width</th> <td>11.86' (3.65 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Height</th> <td>10.07' (3.1 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Crew</th> <td>4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Armor</th> <td>120 mm (4.89")</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Primary<br />armament</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">90 mm gun</span> T54; M48A3 90mm gun M41; M48A5 and later variants: 105 mm M68 gun</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Secondary<br />armament</th> <td>.50 in (12.7 mm) M2 Browning machine gun<br />.30 in (7.62 mm) <span class="mw-redirect">M73 Machine gun</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Engine</th> <td>Continental AVDS-1790-5B V12, <span class="mw-redirect">air-cooled</span> Twin-turbo <span class="mw-redirect">gasoline engine</span> (early M48s) 810 hp (604 kW)<br /><p>Continental AVDS-1790-2 V12, air cooled Twin-turbo diesel engine<br />750 hp</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Power/weight</th> <td>15.1 hp/ton (16.6/tonne)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Transmission</th> <td>General Motors CD-850-4A or -4B, 2 ranges forward, 1 reverse</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Suspension</th> <td>Torsion bar suspension</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Fuel capacity</th> <td>200 gals (757 litres)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em; line-height: 11pt;">Operational<br />range</th> <td>287 miles (463 km)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Speed</th> <td>30 mph (48 km/h)(M48A5)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-11813823990568744592010-11-27T06:24:00.000-08:002010-11-27T06:28:57.124-08:00Displaced Populations After the War<div style="text-align: justify;"><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Arab">Arab</span></h3> <p>As a result of the war, a wave of Palestinians was displaced. An estimated 300,000 Palestinians left the West Bank and Gaza, most of whom settled in Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>In his book <i>Righteous Victims</i>, Israeli "<span class="mw-redirect">New Historian</span>" Benny Morris writes:</p> <blockquote> <p>In three villages southwest of Jerusalem and at Qalqilya, houses were destroyed "not in battle, but as punishment ... and in order to chase away the inhabitants ... ---contrary to government...policy," Dayan wrote in his memoirs. In Qalqilya, about a third of the homes were razed and about 12,000 inhabitants were evicted, though many then camped out in the environs. The evictees in both areas were allowed to stay and later were given cement and tools by the Israeli authorities to rebuild at least some of their dwellings. But many thousands of other Palestinians now took to the roads. Perhaps as many as seventy thousand, mostly from the Jericho area, fled during the fighting; tens of thousands more left over the following months. Altogether, about one-quarter of the population of the West Bank, about 200-250,000 people, went into exile. ... They simply walked to the Jordan River crossings and made their way on foot to the East Bank. It is unclear how many were intimidated or forced out by the Israeli troops and how many left voluntarily, in panic and fear. There is some evidence of IDF soldiers going around with loudspeakers ordering West Bankers to leave their homes and cross the Jordan. Some left because they had relatives or sources of livelihood on the East Bank and feared being permanently cut off. Thousands of Arabs were taken by bus from East Jerusalem to the Allenby bridge, though there is no evidence of coercion. The free Israeli-organized transportation, which began on June 11, 1967, went on for about a month. At the bridge they had to sign a document stating that they were leaving of their own free will. Perhaps as many as seventy thousand people emigrated from the Gaza Strip to Egypt and elsewhere in the Arab world. On July 2 the Israeli government announced that it would allow the return of those 1967 refugees who desired to do so, but no later than August 10, later extended to September 13. The Jordanian authorities probably pressured many of the refugees, who constituted an enormous burden, to sign up to return. In practice only 14,000 of the 120,000 who applied were actually allowed by Israel back into the West Bank by the beginning of September. After that, only a trickle of "special cases" were allowed back, perhaps 3,000 in all.(328-9)</p> </blockquote> <p>In addition, between 80,000 and 110,000 Syrians fled the Golan Heights,<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> of which about 20,000 were from the city of Quneitra.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> According to recent research by an Israeli daily Haaretz, much of the Syrian population was expelled from the territory by the Israeli army.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Jews_in_Arab_countries">Jews in Arab countries</span></h3> <p>With the loss of Arab lands, the minority Jews living in the Arab world immediately faced persecution and expulsion, following the Israeli victory. According to historian Michael B. Oren,</p> <blockquote>mobs attacked Jewish neighborhoods in Egypt, Yemen, Lebanon, Tunisia, and Morocco, burning synagogues and assaulting residents. A pogrom in <span class="mw-redirect">Tripoli, Libya</span>, left 18 Jews dead and 25 injured; the survivors were herded into detention centers. Of Egypt's 4,000 Jews, 800 were arrested, including the chief rabbis of both Cairo and Alexandria, and their property sequestered by the government. The ancient communities of Damascus and Baghdad were placed under house arrest, their leaders imprisoned and fined. A total of 7,000 Jews were expelled, many with merely a satchel.</blockquote><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War#cite_note-211"><span></span></a></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-88056268656902848872010-11-27T05:45:00.000-08:002010-12-20T23:21:07.523-08:00Six Day War Timeline<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Six Day War Timeline</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Pre-War Timeline</span>:<br /><br /><table color="#000080" face="Arial" size="2" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 631px; height: 2849px;" border="0" cellpadding="7"><tbody><tr> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >June 18, 1953</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"> <span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Revolution in Egypt. Young officers including Gemal Abdel Nasser overthrow monarchy and proclaim goal of modernization and undoing the shame of 1948. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >Oct. 29, 1956</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"> <p dir="ltr"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Suez Campaign. In retaliation for a series of escalating border raids as well as the closure of the straits of Tiran and Suez canal to Israeli shipping, and to prevent Egyptian use of newly acquired Soviet arms in a war, Israel invades the Sinai peninsula and occupies it for several months, with French and British collaboration. French and British were interested in reversing the nationalization of the canal. Israel withdraws after a UN peace keeping force is placed in Sinai, and US guarantees right of passage for Israeli shipping through the Straits of Tiran. Suez Canal reopened March 23, 1957.</span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >1957</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Probable start of construction of Israel nuclear breeder reactor using French technology. The French later tried to stop the program, but backed down when Israeli FM Peres said Israel would make the deal public. Reactor was discovered by the US in U-2 flights in 1960 or 1961. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >1957 </span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style="font-size:85%;">U.S. committed in an aide de memoire (memorandum) to guarantee freedom of passage in the Suez canal, signed February 11. A later memorandum of February 23 answered questions and clarified Israeli doubts, making it clear that US would allow use of force to keep the straits open. However, the US government later claimed that it had no knowledge of such commitments and that the memorandum was "lost." </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >Nov 18, 1959</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Israel abandons earlier Jordan river diversion scheme, begins work on the National Water Carrier Project, to divert the waters of the River Jordan from the Sea of Galilee to the Negev, taking its share of Jordan water in accordance with Johnston plan.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >1959</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" > <span lang="en-us"> <span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Fatah founded. </span></span> </span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >In the summer of 1959, according to a detailed account by Thomas Kiernan, Yasser Arafat, Khalil al Wazir, Saad Khalef, Faruq Qadumi, Zuhair al Alami, Kamal Adwan, Muhamed Yussef an-Najar and others found the </span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" > <span lang="en-us"> <span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Fatah organization in Kuwait, with the aim of destroying Israel. The name means victory or conquest.As "conquest" does not sound politically correct, they note that they can reverse the name to be Harakat Tahrir Filastin, </span></span> </span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Palestine Liberation Movement. Various dates and soon renamed "Fatah" (Conquest or "Victory"). The organization was to be modeled on the Algerian FLN. (from Kiernan, Thomas, Arafat, Norton, 1976 pp 214-218). Various other dates as early as 1957 are given in other sources, and may refer to informal meetings held by the Palestinian expatriate group surounding Arafat.Fatah was formally founded in 1964. </span></td> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >Oct. 23, 1958</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Soviet loan to Egypt to finance Aswan Dam.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >Nov 18, 1959</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Israel abandons earlier Jordan river diversion scheme, begins work on the National Water Carrier Project, to divert the waters of the River Jordan from the Sea of Galilee to the Negev, taking its share of Jordan water in accordance with Johnston plan.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" > Jan 13-17 1964</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >First Arab summit at Cairo (the Egyptians count this as the third Arab Summit) (ie. heads of State, instigated by Nasser), prompted by Israel’s national water carrier project and Palestinian agitation against it. Arabs declare their intentions of stopping the Israeli diversion scheme, which is in accordance with the Johnson plan, and decided on establishment of the PLO. A Unified Arab Command under Egyptian supervision was created. This summit and the one that followed in September caused considerable alarm in Israel, and is cited by Avi Shlaim (The Iron Wall) as the actual beginning of the 6 day war.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >May, 1964</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"> <span style="font-size:85%;">PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)</span><span style="font-size:85%;">founded with the aim of destroying Israel. The Palestinian National Charter (1968) <span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" > officially called for liquidation of Israel. PLO was founded by Egypt to divert Palestinian energies from the nascent Fatah movement of Yasser Arafat, which had become anti-Nasserist. </span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >June 5, 1964</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Israel begins pumping water from the Sea of Galilee for the Israel National Water Carrier. Israel agreed to take only its share of water allotted under the Johnston plan, with the tacit agreement of Jordan. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >Sept 13, 1964</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Second Arab Summit at Alexandria decides on diversion of the headwaters of the Jordan as well as strengthening regional Arab armies. Arabs declare the aim of destroying Israel. Israel addressed two notes to the UN Security Council, concerning the alarming nature of the summit resolutions to destroy Israel. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >Jan. 2, 1965</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Al Fatah carries out first sabotage in Israel, against the Israel National Water Carrier. Fatah carried out about 122 raids between Jan 1965 and June 1967, later boasting that they had dragged the Arab states into war. Most of these raids were abortive</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >Jan. 1965</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Syrians capture Israeli agent Eli Cohen, cutting off an important source of intelligence about Syrian deployment, particularly in the Golan. Cohen was executed in May.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >1965</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Syrian water diversion project begins. Syrians fire on Israeli demilitarized zones, often in response to Israeli provocations. This gives Israel the excuse to bombard earth moving equipment of the diversion project. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >Sept. 18. 1965</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Third Arab Summit at Casablanca. Conference draws up staged plan for combating Israel, first building up armed forces of Jordan, Syria and Lebanon over 2.5-3 yrs & refraining from war with Israel; then proceeding to war.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">Nov 13, 1965</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style="font-size:85%;">After Syria fires on Israeli patrol, IAF bombards Syrian diversion project in retaliation. Four Israelis killed, heavier losses for Syrians. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">Feb. 23, 1966 </span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Baathist extremist coup in Syria by Shazli Al Jadid and Hafez El Assad, followed by increased PLO activity against Israel. Regime policy: </span> <p><span style="font-size:85%;">"The Palestine question [is] the main axis of our domestic, Arab and international policies... The liberation battle can only be waged by progressive Arab forces through a popular war of liberation, which history has proved is the only course for victory against all aggressive forces.... it will remain the final way for the liberation of the entire Arab homeland and for its comprehensive socialist popular unification. </span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">May 25, 1966</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style="font-size:85%;">USSR claims falsely that it has uncovered a Zionist plot to attack Syria. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">July 7, 1966</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style="font-size:85%;">IAF attacks Syrian diversionary scheme after Syrian shelling of Israel, and downs a MiG 21. The diversion scheme is abandoned.</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">Aug 15, 1966</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Israeli patrol boat run ashore in DMZ on Eastern shore of lake Galilee is attacked by Syrian air force and artillery. Israel air force downs two MiGs, but the boat must be salvaged at night due to persistent artillery fire. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">Nov 9, 1966</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Egypt and Syria sign defense treaty. This date is also given as Nov. 4. A secret codicil promised that Egypt would attack Israel in the south if Israel attacked Syria. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >Nov 10, 1966</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Three Israeli soldiers are killed by a land mine on an Israeli patrol road near the the border, south of Hebron. King Hussein sends an apology via US ambassador Walworth Barbour, but Barbour fails to deliver the apology. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >Nov 13, 1966</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Samu' raid: Israeli troops retaliate for the November 10 killing of 3 Israeli soldiers by a mine planted on a patrol road. The attack unexpectedly runs into a column of Jordan Legion soldiers, kills 15 Jordanian soldiers and 3 civilians, & dynamite 125 houses in as Samu according to UN or about 40 according to Israelis.</span><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >near Hebron; in response to the Israel is censured by </span> <span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" > SCR228<span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" > (25 Nov 66), but there is no military response from Amman. This leads to recriminations in the Israeli government, which had intended a smaller scale raid, and Palestinian anger and clashes with Jordanian security forces throughout West Bank, especially in Nablus where the army had to intervene. The PLO gains support.</span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >Dec 14, 1966</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Egyptian Marshal Hakim Amer cables Nasser from Pakistan, recommending closing the straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping and dismissing the UNEF force from Gaza. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >Jan -March 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Over 270 border "incidents" cause rising concern in Israel. March 3 - Landmine injures tractorist in Kibbutz Shamir. March 12, explosion on train tracks near Kibbutz Lahav. March 26, 2 Palestinians killed trying to demolish a water pump near Arad. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">April 7, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Israelis respond to intensive Syrian shelling of DMZ and and Israeli villages and kibbutzim with IAF raid. An air battle involving about 130 aircraft developed. Israelis down 6 MiG 21 fighters, 2 over the Golan and 4 over Damascus. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">May 11, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Israeli PM Eshkol states, "In view of the 14 incidents in the past month alone it is possible that we will have to adopt measures no less drastic than those of April 7." UPI circulated a rumor (May 12) that Israel was trying to topple the Syrian regime. The incidents included shelling, terror attacks and attempted infiltration of a Syrian agent to blow up locations in Jerusalem.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">May 12, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Remarks by Yitzhak Rabin interpreted as provocative against Syria. Rabin is rebuked by Eshkol. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">May 13, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Soviets inform Anwar Sadat in Moscow that Israel is massing 10-12 brigades in preparation for an attack on Syria, supposedly to take place May 17. The information is false, as were several similar previous Soviet warnings.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">May 14, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >First reports of Egyptian troop movements into Sinai. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">May 16, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Radio Cairo broadcast stated: "The existence of Israel has continued too long. We welcome the Israeli aggression. We welcome the battle we have long awaited. The peak hour has come. The battle has come in which we shall destroy Israel."</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">May 18, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser</span><span style="font-size:85%;"> orders the United Nations Emergency Force to leave Sinai. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">May 21, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Ben-Gurion summons Israeli Chief of Staff Rabin and accuses him of precipitating the crisis and dragging Israel into a dangerous war. On the following day, Rabin, under tremendous pressure, is incapacitated temporarily by nicotine poisoning, massive fatigue or a nervous breakdown. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >May 23, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser closes the straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping. Egypt moves six divisions, about 130,000 soldiers, into Sinai. Negotiations with US to reopen the Straits of Tiran fail. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">May 26, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:ARIAL;font-size:85%;" > Speech by Gamal Nasser to Arab Trade Unionists - - Nasser claimed that Egypt was only looking for the right movement and the proper excuse to fight for the Palestinian cause. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >May 26, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >President Johnson reluctantly agrees to see Abba Eban. Tells him he is powerless to act to open straits of Tiran and requires more time (about two weeks) to assemble UN support for a regatta to open the straits. Warns Israel against unilateral action. Subsequent UN debate proves fruitless. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >May 27, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Nasser cancels a planned Egyptian attack on Israel (Operation <i>fajr</i> - Dawn), planned for following day, after it became obvious that the Israelis knew about the plan.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >May 28, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Israeli Levi Eshkol broadcasts a hesitant, stammering speech, further exacerbating pressure on him to make way for other leaders. Later it is claimed that the stammering was due to problems in reading the manuscript.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style="font-size:78%;">May 29, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:ARIAL;font-size:85%;" > Speech by Gamal Nasser to Egyptian National Assembly Members - Nasser explicitly threatened to destroy Israel: "...God will surely help and urge us to restore the situation to what it was in 1948....But now that the time has come - and I have already said in the past that we will decide the time and place and not allow them to decide - we must be ready for triumph and not for a recurrence of the 1948 comedies. "</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >May 30, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Jordan signs a defense pact with Egypt, allows Egyptian command of Jordan Legion. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >May 31, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >President Abdur Rahman Aref of Iraq stated "The existence of Israel is an error which must be rectified. This is our opportunity to wipe out the ignominy which has been with us since 1948. Our goal is clear - to wipe Israel off the map.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="133"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;" >Jun 2, 1967</span></td> <td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" valign="TOP" width="80%"> <span style="font-size:85%;">Moshe Dayan</span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" > joins Israeli cabinet as Minister of Defense. Unity gov't formed. Reservists released for furlough before outbreak of the war. </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><h1 align="center"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >The Six Day War Timeline - June 1967 </span></h1> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 619px; height: 1568px;" dir="ltr" id="table2" border="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <td width="9%"><b>Day 1<br /></b></td> <td colspan="2" width="23%"><b>Egyptian Front</b></td> <td colspan="2"><b>Jordanian Front</b></td> <td colspan="2"><b>Syrian Front</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><span style="font-size:85%;">June 5</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">7:46</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">First wave of Israeli air attacks in Operation Focus; hits Egypt.<br /><br /></span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">9:45</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Jordanian bombardment of Jerusalem & Central Israel. Iraqi and Jordanian aircraft try to bomb Tel Aviv & other targets.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">8:15</span></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Southern District Commander Yehushua Gavish gives attack order. Tal's division crosses southern Gaza into Rafiah; Jordanian radar at Ajlun detects the Israeli attack and warns Egyptians, but the Egyptians do not get the transmission.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">12:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Israeli bombing of airfields in Mafraq and Amman. Jordanians capture UNO HQ in Jerusalem.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">12:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="30%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Syrian aircraft attack targets in Haifa</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">10:15</span></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><span style="font-size:85%;"> Seventh Brigade in Khan Yunis. </span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">12:25</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Israel bombs Iraq airbase H-3</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="30%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">16:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><span style="font-size:85%;">IAF attacks Cairo International Airport, destroying combat aircraft hidden under the wings of civilian airliners.*</span> </td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">13:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Jerusalem brigade captures UN governor's HQ in Jerusalem.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="30%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">17:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Seventh brigade armor in El Arish; mopping up in Rafiah</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">15:00 </span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">45th Israel armored brigade crosses border near Ta'anach </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><br /></span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">13:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="30%"><span style="font-size:85%;">IAF aircraft attack Syrian airbases, destroy most of the Syrian air force. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">18:30 </span></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Yoffe's division at Bir al lachfan junction. </span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">15:30</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Israel conquers Tsur Baher and Pa'amon fortified position.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="30%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">22:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><span style="font-size:85%;">IN ships in Alexandria & Port Said. </span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">17:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Jordanian artillery shell Tel Aviv</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="30%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">19:30</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Israel takes "Radar" and Sheikh Abd al-Aziz positions. </span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">1840</span></td> <td valign="top" width="30%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Syrian artillery bombards Rosh Pina</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="9%"><b>Day 2<br /></b></td> <td colspan="2" width="23%"><b>Egyptian Front</b></td> <td colspan="2"><b>Jordanian Front</b></td> <td colspan="2"><b>Syrian Front</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;" valign="top" width="9%"><span style="font-size:85%;">June 6</span></td> <td style="padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;" valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">6:00</span></td> <td style="padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;" valign="top" width="17%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Sharon's division completes conquest of Umm el Katef, Afu Ageila</span></td> <td style="padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;" valign="top" width="4%"><span style="font-size:85%;">3:00 </span></td> <td style="padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;" valign="top" width="24%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Latrun Police fort captured by 55th brigade & 4th armored brigade; 10th brigade cuts off Jerusalem-Ramallah road</span></td> <td style="padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;" rowspan="13" valign="top" width="4%"><span style="font-size:85%;">05:47</span></td> <td style="padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;" rowspan="13" valign="top" width="29%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Syrian artillery barrage on Israeli border communities and attempt to advance to Tel Dan, Dan and Ashmora. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">12:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Conquest of Bir al Lahfan completed. Tal and Yoffe link up.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">05:30</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">45th Brigade enters Jenin.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">13:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Conquest of Gaza complete</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">06:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Counterattack of Jordan Legion 40th brigade in Dotan valley.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">16:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Ras el Naqeb conquered</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">06:15</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Conquest of "armor hill" ("givat hatahmoshet") in Jerusalem. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">18:30</span></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Jebel Libni junction conquered</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">08:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">North East Jerusalem conquered</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">20:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><span style="font-size:85%;">General retreat ordered for Egyptian army.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">11:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">37th brig. captures Talpit<br /></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">11:45</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Capture of "Givat Hamivtar"</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">13:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Jenin Surrenders</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">17:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">End of Dotan valley battler</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">17:20</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Qalqiliya conquered by IDF</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">18:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Abu Tor conquered by IDF</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">19:30</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Conquest of Ramallah</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">24:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><span style="font-size:85%;">General retreat from West Bank (Judea & Samaria) ordered for Jordan Legion.</span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 618px; height: 566px;" dir="ltr" id="table3" border="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" width="96%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="9%"><b>Day 3<br /></b></td> <td colspan="2" width="28%"><b>Egyptian Front</b></td> <td colspan="2"><b>Jordanian Front</b></td> <td colspan="2"><b>Syrian Front</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><span style="font-size:85%;">June 7</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">0900</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Bir al-Hasna conquered</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><span style="font-size:85%;">02:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Zabbida-Aqaba conquered conquered.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Syrian artillery bombardments continue all along the northern border with Golan.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">11:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Al Qazima conquered.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><span style="font-size:85%;">10:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Old city of Jerusalem conquered.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">12:14</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Israel Navy at Sharm el Sheikh</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><span style="font-size:85%;">11:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Tul Karm conquered</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><span style="font-size:85%;">11:15</span></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Nablus (Shechem) conquered.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><span style="font-size:85%;">12:15</span></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Final general retreat order for Jordanian forces.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">14:30</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Bir Gafgafa conquered</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><span style="font-size:85%;">14:25</span></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Mar Elias monastery conquered</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">18:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Mitleh pass closed</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><span style="font-size:85%;">18:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Gush Etzion conquered by Israel.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">19:40</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Nasser turns down UN Security Council cease fire initiative. Israeli fourth division preventing Egyptian retreat at Mitleh and Jiddi passes</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><span style="font-size:85%;">19:30</span></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Jericho conquered by Israel.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 617px; height: 1605px;" dir="ltr" id="table4" border="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" width="96%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="9%"><b>Day 4<br /></b></td> <td colspan="2" width="28%"><b>Egyptian Front</b></td> <td colspan="2"><b>Jordanian Front</b></td> <td colspan="2"><b>Syrian Front</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><span style="font-size:85%;">June 8</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">03:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">3d Eg. armored brigade attacks Tal's vanguard west of Bir Gafgafa.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><span style="font-size:85%;">06:30</span></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><span style="font-size:85%;">IDF conquers Hebron.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Syrian artillery bombardments continue all along the northern border with Golan.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">5:55</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Israel reconnaissance flight spots ship off Gaza coast, later identified as USS Liberty, and marked on Israeli situation map. Liberty had not received cables ordering it to withdraw 100 miles from the coast. </span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><span style="font-size:85%;">08:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Link up of central and southern command forces at Dahirieh (west of Hebron). </span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><span style="font-size:85%;">IAF attacks Syrian defenses in preparation for operation Hammer, which is then cancelled.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">06:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Kuntilah conquered.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><span style="font-size:85%;">13:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><span style="font-size:85%;">IDF destroys Jordan river bridges.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">9:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Israeli pilots spot Liberty 30 km north of El Arish. Rabin summons US Naval attache and warns him to identify or remove U.S. ships from battle zone. Israeli requests for naval liaison were repeatedly refused by US. </span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">10:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Israeli battle with Egyptian reserve at Kantara approaches. Jiddi pass conquered by Israelis.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">11:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Israeli duty officer goes off shift, removes Liberty marker.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">11:24</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Explosion of ammunition dumps at El-Arish mistakenly attributed by Israelis to naval attack. Rabin repeats order to sink any unidentified ships.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">01:41</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Liberty spotted, but not identified, by Israeli torpedo boats, who request air assistance. Israeli air reconnaissance fails to identify the ship.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">01:57</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">2 Israeli Mirages strafe the Liberty. A squad of Mysteres dropped napalm on the ship. Before renewing the attack, Israelis identify Latin alphabet lettering, showing the ship was not Arab, and break off attack. </span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Torpedo ship squadron pagoda, ordered to hold back, nonetheless arrives on the scene of the USS Liberty battle and fires five torpedoes at the ship after US personnel fire at the torpedo boats. </span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">15:30</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Egypt accepts cease fire (9:30 PM N.Y. time) </span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">16:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">End of Kalat a-nahal battle.</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">18:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="23%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Kantara conquered</span></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="22%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="29%"><br /></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 615px; height: 728px;" dir="ltr" id="table5" border="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" width="96%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: justify;" width="9%"><b>Day 5<br /></b></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" colspan="2" width="199"><b>Egyptian Front</b></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" colspan="2"><b>Jordanian Front</b></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" colspan="2"><b>Syrian Front</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="9%"><span style="font-size:85%;">June 9</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">01:00</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Yoffe's advance armor reaches Suez Canal</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">07:20</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-size:85%;">After intercepted message from Nasser indicates Arab forces are near collapse, Dayan reverses his stand and the decision of the cabinet, and orders attack on the Golan Heights. Initially a limited plan called "Hammer."</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">11:30</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-size:85%;">8th brig. begins advance on Syrian lines in North Golan</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">12:35</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-size:85%;">IDF conquers Tel Hallal</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">17:00</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-size:85%;">IDF conquers Tel Azaziat</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">18:20</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-size:85%;">IDF takes Tal Fahr bunkers after bloody battle. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">18:30</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Nasser, in televised speech, blames the United States for the loss and insists that the US helped Israel. He threatens "The Sixth Fleet runs on Arab Petroleum." Nasser announces resignation. Speech is followed by anti-aircraft fire and a huge "spontaneous demonstration" that causes him to retract the resignation.</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">18:30</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-size:85%;">IDF takes Zaura-Kala compound.<br /></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><p style="margin: 0pt 5px;"> <span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> </span> <h1> </h1></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">20:00</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-size:85%;">IDF takes Rouya</span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 614px; height: 270px;" dir="ltr" id="table6" border="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" width="96%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="9%"><b>Day 6<br /></b></td> <td colspan="2" width="199"><b>Egyptian Front</b></td> <td colspan="2"><b>Jordanian Front</b></td> <td colspan="2"><b>Syrian Front</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><span style="font-size:85%;">June 10</span></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">0:400</span></td> <td valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-size:85%;">IDF conquers Jalabina fortifications.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">08:30</span></td> <td valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Syrians announce falsely that Kuneitra has fallen, in order to pressure for a cease fire. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">14:30</span></td> <td valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Kuneitra falls to IDF (12:30 according to Michael Oren, 6 Days of War)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">15:00</span></td> <td valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Dayan meets Odd Bull and agrees to cease fire by 18:00 hrs. </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="9%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td valign="top" width="5%"><span style="font-size:85%;">18:15</span></td> <td valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Mas'ada falls.</span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 614px; height: 99px;" dir="ltr" id="table7" border="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" width="96%"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: justify;" width="9%"><b>Day</b></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" colspan="2" width="199"><b>Egyptian Front</b></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" colspan="2"><b>Jordanian Front</b></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" colspan="2"><b>Syrian Front</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="9%"><span style="font-size:85%;">June 12</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="4%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="18%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="5%"><br /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Hermon and Majdal Chams claimed for Israel</span>. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br />source:http://www.zionism-israel.com/his/six_day_war_timeline.htm<br /></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-1840708207387879962010-11-22T03:34:00.000-08:002010-11-22T03:36:02.343-08:00Six Day War Combat Support<div style="text-align: justify;"><p>According to George Lenczowski, as early as May 23, President Johnson secretly authorized supplying Israel by air with a variety of arms systems, even when an embargo on weapons shipments was placed on the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>Stephen Green wrote in his book that the United States sent reconnaissance aircraft to track nighttime movement of Egyptian ground forces in order to facilitate daytime Israeli air attacks that proved important for Israel's advances.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Richard Parker disputes this and suggests that it is a hoax, based on the questionable testimony of a single man.<sup id="cite_ref-parker_193-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>On the second day of the war, Arab state-run media reported that American and British troops were fighting on Israel's side. Radio Cairo and the government newspaper <i>Al-Ahram</i> made a number of claims, among them: that U.S. and British carrier-based aircraft flew sorties against the Egyptians; that U.S. aircraft based in Wheelus Air Base-Libya attacked Egypt; and that American spy satellites provided imagery to Israel. Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, the chief of “Al-Ahram” in the Nasserite period, repeated similar claims at Al Jazeera channel. Later, Muammar al-Gaddafi's Libyan government confirmed these claims also only to get a pretext for the coup that took place on 1 September 1969. The governments of United States and Britain made little effort to either confirm or deny these claims. Similar reports were aired by Radio Damascus and Radio Amman. Egyptian media even said that King Hussein had personally seen radar observations showing British aircraft taking off from aircraft carriers.</p> <p>Outside of the Arab world, claims of American and British military intervention were not taken seriously. Britain, the U.S. and Israel denied these allegations. On June 8, Egyptian credibility was further damaged when Israel released an audio recording to the press, which they said was a radio-telephone conversation intercepted two days earlier between Nasser and King Hussein of Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-tape_194-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <blockquote class="templatequote"> <div>Nasser: ...Shall we include also the United States? Do you know of this, shall we announce that the U.S. is cooperating with Israel? <p><br />Hussein: Hello. I do not hear, the connection is the worst - the line between you and the palace of the King from which the King is speaking is bad.<br />Nasser: Hello, will we say the U.S. and England or just the U.S.?<br />Hussein: The U.S. and England.<br />Nasser: Does Britain have aircraft carriers?<br />Hussein: (Answer unintelligible).<br />Nasser: Good. King Hussein will make an announcement and I will make an announcement. Thank you... Will his Majesty make an announcement on the participation of Americans and the British?<br />Hussein: (Answer unintelligible).<br />Nasser: By God, I say that I will make an announcement and you will make an announcement and we will see to it that the Syrians will make an announcement that American and British airplanes are taking part against us from aircraft carriers. We will issue an announcement, we will stress the matter and we will drive the point home.</p> </div> </blockquote> <p>In the immediate aftermath of the war, as the extent of the Arab military defeat became apparent, Arab leaders differed on whether to continue to assert that the American military had assisted the Israeli victory. On June 9, 1967, Nasser stated in his resignation speech (his resignation was not accepted):</p> <blockquote class="templatequote"> <div>What is now established is that American and British aircraft carriers were off the shores of the enemy helping his war effort. Also, British aircraft raided, in broad daylight, positions of the Syrian and Egyptian fronts, in addition to operations by a number of American aircraft reconnoitering some of our positions... Indeed, it can be said without exaggeration that the enemy was operating with an air force three times stronger than his normal force.</div> </blockquote> <p>King Hussein, however, later denied the allegations of American military support. On June 30, he announced in New York that he was "perfectly satisfied" that "no American planes took part, or any British planes either".<sup id="cite_ref-envoys_195-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> In September, <i>The New York Times</i> reported that Nasser had privately assured Arab leaders, gathered in Sudan to discuss the Khartoum Resolution, that his earlier claims were false.<sup id="cite_ref-envoys_195-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>Nonetheless, these allegations, that the Arabs were fighting the Americans and British rather than Israel alone, took hold in the Arab world. As reported by the British Representative in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, a country at odds with Egypt as a result of the Yemen war:</p> <blockquote> <p>President Abdel Nasser's allegation ... is firmly believed by almost the whole Arab population here who listen to the radio or read the press ... Our broadcast denials are little heard and just not believed. The denials we have issued to the broadcasting service and press have not been published. Even highly educated persons basically friendly to us seem convinced that the allegations are true. Senior foreign ministry officials who received my formal written and oral denials profess to believe them but nevertheless appear skeptical. I consider that this allegation has seriously damaged our reputation in the Arab world more than anything else and has caused a wave of suspicion or feeling against us which will persist in some underlying form for the foreseeable future ... Further denials or attempts at local publicity by us will not dispel this belief and may now only exacerbate local feeling since the Arabs are understandably sensitive to their defeat with a sense of humiliation and resent self-justification by us who in their eyes helped their enemy to bring this about.</p> </blockquote> <p>Well after the end of the war, the Egyptian government and its newspapers continued to make claims of collusion between Israel, the United Kingdom and the United States. These included a series of weekly articles in <i>Al-Ahram</i>, simultaneously broadcast on Radio Cairo by Mohamed Heikal. Heikal attempted to uncover the "secrets" of the war. He presented a blend of facts, documents, and interpretations. Heikal's conclusion was clear-cut: there was a secret U.S.-Israeli collusion against Syria and Egypt.</p> <p>According to Israeli historian Elie Podeh: "All post-1967 [Egyptian] history textbooks repeated the claim that Israel launched the war with the support of Britain and the United States. The narrative also established a direct link between the 1967 war and former imperialist attempts to control the Arab world, thus portraying Israel as an imperialist stooge. The repetition of this fabricated story, with only minor variations, in all history school textbooks means that all Egyptian schoolchildren have been exposed to, and indoctrinated with, the collusion story." The following example comes from the textbook <i>Al-Wisam fi at-Ta'rikh</i>:</p> <blockquote> <p>The United States' role: Israel was not (fighting) on its own in the (1967) war. Hundreds of volunteers, pilots, and military officers with American scientific spying equipment of the most advanced type photographed the Egyptian posts for it (Israel), jammed the Egyptian defense equipment, and transmitted to it the orders of the Egyptian command.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> </blockquote> <p>In <i>Six Days of War</i>, historian Michael Oren argues that the Arab leadership spread false claims about American involvement in order to secure Soviet support for the Arab side.<sup id="cite_ref-oren216_197-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> After the war, as the extent of the Israeli victory became apparent to the Arab public, these claims helped deflect blame for the defeat away from Nasser and other Arab leaders. In reaction to these claims, Arab oil-producing countries announced either an oil embargo on the United States and Britain or suspended oil exports altogether.</p> <p>Six Arab countries broke off diplomatic relations with the United States, and Lebanon withdrew its Ambassador.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> More broadly, the Six Day war hastened the process of anti-American radicalization in the Middle East, a process expressed by the growth of both leftist and religious-fundamentalist movements and their increased resort to terrorism as a weapon in their anti-American struggle. In fact, it transcended the Arab countries and spread to Iran, Pakistan and the Third World, whose delegates at the UN began adopting increasingly critical posture toward America.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> A British guidance telegram to Middle East posts concluded: "The Arabs' reluctance to disbelieve all versions of the big lie springs in part from a need to believe that the Israelis could not have defeated them so thoroughly without outside assistance."</div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-83301886474473280812010-11-19T03:02:00.001-08:002010-11-19T03:03:23.139-08:00Six Day War Military Strength<div style="text-align: justify;">Six Day War Military Strength:<br /><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Strength</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; border-right: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Israel</span>:<br />50,000 troops<br />214,000 reserves<br />300 combat aircraft<br />800 tanks <sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_2004.2C_p._176_1-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> <p><b>Total troops: 264,000</b><br />100,000 deployed</p> </td> <td style="width: 50%; padding-left: 0.25em;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Egypt</span>: 240,000<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Syria, Jordan, and Iraq</span>: 307,000<br />957 combat aircraft<br />2,504 tanks<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_2004.2C_p._176_1-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> <p><b>Total troops: 547,000</b><br />240,000 deployed</p></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-54093087005088900232010-11-19T02:55:00.000-08:002010-11-19T03:00:30.051-08:00Six Day War Casualties<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOtzZ-962WjCcEYdZHCXvjc2YuVt-N1oW_-Jmjw5PXLc_NwiXipD0WS3LzjeFqelRf0hGfUP4kOUOlM8Q5t6FNda_5c_QSEVkvgF5dqUCRpanyvniiBKG0oY1XZlgTIMsNd3gHSD2pFMY/s1600/1.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOtzZ-962WjCcEYdZHCXvjc2YuVt-N1oW_-Jmjw5PXLc_NwiXipD0WS3LzjeFqelRf0hGfUP4kOUOlM8Q5t6FNda_5c_QSEVkvgF5dqUCRpanyvniiBKG0oY1XZlgTIMsNd3gHSD2pFMY/s320/1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5541213796640242466" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Six day war casualties</span>: Between 776 and 983 Israelis were killed and 4,517 were wounded. 15 Israeli soldiers were captured. Arab casualties were far greater. Between 9,800 and 15,000 Egyptian soldiers were listed as killed, wounded or missing in action. An additional 4,338 Egyptian soldiers were captured. Jordanian losses were estimated to be as high as 6,000 though Gawrych cites a number of some 700 killed in action with another 2,500 wounded. An additional 533 Jordanians were captured. The Syrians were estimated to have sustained some 1,000 killed in action. 367 Syrians were captured.<br /><br />Six day war casualties and losses:<br /><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Six day war Casualties and losses</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; border-right: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Israel</span> - 776–983 killed:<br />4,517 wounded<br />15 captured,<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych3_3-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />46 aircraft destroyed</td> <td style="width: 50%; padding-left: 0.25em;"><b>Egypt</b> – 10,000<sup id="cite_ref-Gammasy_p.79_4-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup>–15,000<sup id="cite_ref-Chaim_Herzog_1982.2C_p._165_5-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> killed or missing. 4,338 captured<sup id="cite_ref-Israel_Ministry_2004_6-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br /><br /><b>Jordan</b> – 700<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych3_3-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup>–6,000<sup id="cite_ref-Herzog_p._183_7-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> killed or missing. 533 captured.<sup id="cite_ref-Israel_Ministry_2004_6-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br /><br /><b>Syria</b> – 2,500 killed, 591 captured.<br /><br /><b>Iraq</b> – 10 killed, 30 wounded<br /><br /><b>Total</b> – between 13,200-23,500 killed 5,500+ captured, hundreds of tanks destroyed and 452+ aircraft destroyed.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-53548853650756230682010-11-14T22:00:00.000-08:002010-11-14T22:04:25.045-08:00Conclusion of Conflict and Post-war Situation<div style="text-align: justify;"><p>Israel had completed its final offensive in the Golan Heights, and a ceasefire was signed the day after. Israel had seized the Gaza Strip, the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank of the Jordan River (including East Jerusalem), and the Golan Heights. Overall, Israel's territory grew by a factor of three, including about one million Arabs placed under Israel's direct control in the newly captured territories. Israel's strategic depth grew to at least 300 kilometers in the south, 60 kilometers in the east and 20 kilometers of extremely rugged terrain in the north, a security asset that would prove useful in the Yom Kippur War six years later.</p> <p>The political importance of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">1967 Six Day War</span> was immense; Israel demonstrated that it was not only able, but also willing, to initiate strategic strikes that could change the regional balance. Egypt and Syria learned tactical lessons and would launch an attack in 1973 in an attempt to reclaim their lost territory.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>Speaking three weeks after the war ended, as he accepted an honorary degree from Hebrew University, Yitzhak Rabin gave his reasoning behind the success of Israel:</p> <dl><dd>Our airmen, who struck the enemies' planes so accurately that no one in the world understands how it was done and people seek technological explanations or secret weapons; our armored troops who beat the enemy even when their equipment was inferior to his; our soldiers in all other branches...who overcame our enemies everywhere, despite the latter's superior numbers and fortifications-all these revealed not only coolness and courage in the battle but...an understanding that only their personal stand against the greatest dangers would achieve victory for their country and for their families, and that if victory was not theirs the alternative was annihilation.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></dd></dl> <p>In recognition of contributions, Rabin was given the honor of naming the war for the Israelis. From the suggestions proposed, he "chose the least ostentatious, the Six-Day War, evoking the days of creation."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_168-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>Dayan's final report on the war to the Israeli general staff listed several shortcomings in Israel's actions, including misinterpretation of Nasser's intentions, overdependence on the United States, and reluctance to act when Egypt closed the Straits. He also credited several factors for Israel's success: Egypt did not appreciate the advantage of striking first and their adversaries did not accurately gauge Israel's strength and its willingness to use it.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_168-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>After the <span class="mw-redirect">1973 Arab-Israeli War</span>, Egypt reviewed the causes of its loss of the 1967 war. Issues that were identified included "the individualistic bureaucratic leadership"; "promotions on the basis of loyalty, not expertise, and the army's fear of telling Nasser the truth"; lack of intelligence; and better Israeli weapons, command, organization, and will to fight.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_168-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>According to Chaim Herzog:</p> <dl><dd>On June 19, 1967, the National Unity Government [of Israel] voted unanimously to return the Sinai to Egypt and the Golan Heights to Syria in return for peace agreements. The Golans would have to be demilitarized and special arrangement would be negotiated for the Straits of Tiran. The government also resolved to open negotiations with King Hussein of Jordan regarding the Eastern border.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></dd></dl> <p>The Israeli decision was to be conveyed to the Arab nations by the United States. The US was informed of the decision, but not that it was to transmit it. There is no evidence of receipt from Egypt or Syria, and some historians claim that they may have never received the offer.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>In September, the Khartoum Arab Summit resolved that there would be "no peace, no recognition and no negotiation with Israel." However, as Avraham Sela notes, the Khartoum conference effectively marked a shift in the perception of the conflict by the Arab states away from one centered on the question of Israel's legitimacy toward one focusing on territories and boundaries and this was underpinned on November 22 when Egypt and Jordan accepted United Nations Security Council <span class="mw-redirect">Resolution 242</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>The June 19 Israeli cabinet decision did not include the Gaza Strip, and left open the possibility of Israel permanently acquiring parts of the West Bank. On June 25–27, Israel incorporated East Jerusalem together with areas of the West Bank to the north and south into Jerusalem's new municipal boundaries.</p> <p>Yet another aspect of the war touches on the population of the captured territories: of about one million Palestinians in the West Bank, 300,000 (according to the United States Department of State)<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> fled to Jordan, where they contributed to the growing unrest. The other 600,000<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> remained. In the Golan Heights, an estimated 80,000 Syrians fled.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><span>[</span>175<span>]</span></sup> Only the inhabitants of East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights became entitled to receive full Israeli citizenship, as Israel applied its law, administration and jurisdiction to these territories in 1967 and 1981 respectively, and the vast majority in both territories declined to do so. See also <span class="mw-redirect">Israeli-Palestinian conflict</span> and Golan Heights. Both Jordan and Egypt eventually withdrew their claims to the West Bank and Gaza (the Sinai was returned on the basis of Camp David Accords of 1978 and the question of the Golan Heights is still being negotiated with Syria). After Israeli conquest of these newly acquired 'territories,' a large settlement effort was launched to secure Israel's permanent foothold. There are now hundreds of thousands of Israeli settlers in these territories, though the Israeli settlements in Gaza were evacuated and destroyed in August 2005 as a part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan.</p> <p>The 1967 War also laid the foundation for future discord in the region - as on November 22, 1967, the <span class="mw-redirect">UN Security Council</span> adopted <span class="mw-redirect">Resolution 242</span>, the "land for peace" formula, which called for Israeli withdrawal "from territories occupied" in 1967 and "the termination of all claims or states of belligerency."</p> <p>Resolution 242 recognized the right of "every state in the area to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force." Israel returned the Sinai to Egypt in 1978, after the Camp David Accords, and disengaged from the Gaza Strip in the summer of 2005, though its army frequently re-enters Gaza for military operations and still retains control of border crossings, seaports and airports.</p> The aftermath of the war is also of religious significance. Under <span class="mw-redirect">Jordanian rule</span>, Jews were effectively barred from visiting the Western Wall (even though Article VIII of the 1949 Armistice Agreement demanded Israeli Jewish access to the Western Wall).<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Jewish holy sites were not maintained, and their cemeteries had been desecrated. After the annexation to Israel, each religious group was granted administration over its holy sites. Despite the Temple Mount's importance in Jewish tradition, the al-Aqsa Mosque is under sole administration of a Muslim Waqf, and Jews are barred from conducting services there.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War#cite_note-176"><span></span></a></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-22971109004592606222010-11-09T16:20:00.000-08:002010-11-09T16:25:14.596-08:00Six Day War Weapons<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1CccAbAYEhz5OJBV_TX5f5SaL5H_HkhxH09XB0uAaaNFXzPMHIcGGeOK3brpd8osngai4EGysRzgf9UhRczrvKekjiCSTajc5WfI16KnBsX-7x3XMxRG7KBIrlxHNSwAtbErOgq-Ehm0/s1600/1.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 233px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1CccAbAYEhz5OJBV_TX5f5SaL5H_HkhxH09XB0uAaaNFXzPMHIcGGeOK3brpd8osngai4EGysRzgf9UhRczrvKekjiCSTajc5WfI16KnBsX-7x3XMxRG7KBIrlxHNSwAtbErOgq-Ehm0/s320/1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5537710506336203362" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;"><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Six Day War Weapons</span> With the exception of Jordan, the Arabs relied principally on Soviet weaponry. Israeli weapons were mainly of Western origin. Its air force was composed principally of French aircraft while its armored units were mostly of British and American design and manufacture. Some infantry weapons, including the ubiquitous <span class="mw-redirect">UZI</span>, were of Israeli origin.</p> <table class="wikitable"><tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Type</th> <th width="40%">Arab armies</th> <th width="40%">IDF</th> </tr> <tr> <th>AFVs</th> <td>Egypt, Syria and Iraq used <span class="mw-redirect">T-34/85</span>, <span class="mw-redirect">T-54</span>, <span class="mw-redirect">T-55</span>, T-62 and PT-76, as well as SU-100/152 WWII vintage self propelled guns. Jordan used <span class="mw-redirect">M-47</span> , M-48 and M-48A1 Patton tanks. Panzer IV (used by Syria)<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><span>[</span>165<span>]</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><span>[</span>166<span>]</span></sup></td> <td>M50 and M51 Shermans, M48A3 Patton, Centurion , AMX-13. The Centurion was upgraded with the British 105 mm L7 gun, prior to the war. The Sherman also underwent extensive modifications including a larger 105mm medium velocity, French gun, redesigned turret, wider tracks, more armor and upgraded engine and suspension.</td> </tr> <tr> <th>APCs/IFVs</th> <td>BTR-40, BTR-152, BTR-50, BTR-60 APC's</td> <td>M2/M3 Half-track</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Artillery</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">M1937 Howitzer</span>, BM-21, D-30 (2A18) Howitzer, M1954 field gun, M-52 105mm self-propelled howitzer (used by Jordan)</td> <td><span class="mw-redirect">M50 self-propelled howitzer</span> and <span class="mw-redirect">Makmat 160 mm self-propelled mortar</span>, Obusier de 155 mm Modèle 50 , <span class="external text">AMX 105mm Self-Propelled Howitzer</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Aircraft</th> <td><span class="mw-redirect">MiG-21</span>, <span class="mw-redirect">MiG-19</span>, <span class="mw-redirect">MiG-17</span>, <span class="mw-redirect">Su-7</span>B, <span class="mw-redirect">Tu-16</span>, Il-28, Il-18, Il-14, An-12, Hawker Hunter used by Jordan and Iraq</td> <td>Dassault Mirage III, Dassault Super Mystère, Sud Aviation Vautour, <span class="mw-redirect">Mystere IV</span> , Dassault Ouragan, Fouga Magister trainer outfitted for attack missions, Nord 2501IS military cargo plane</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Helicopters</th> <td>Mi-6, Mi-4</td> <td><span class="mw-redirect">Super Frelon</span>, <span class="mw-redirect">Sikorsky S-58</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th>AAW</th> <td>SA-2 Guideline, ZSU-57-2 Twin 57mm mobile anti-aircraft cannon</td> <td>MIM-23 Hawk, Bofors 40 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Infantry weapons</th> <td>Port Said submachinegun, AK-47, RPK, <span class="mw-redirect">RPD</span>, DShK HMG, and B-11 recoilless rifle</td> <td><span class="mw-redirect">Uzi</span>, FN FAL, FN MAG, M2 Browning, Nord SS.10, RL-83 Blindicide anti-tank infantry weapon, Jeep mounted 106mm recoilless rifle</td></tr></tbody></table></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-33009157795091422832010-11-05T05:27:00.001-07:002010-11-05T05:36:06.993-07:00Battle in the Air and Sea<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixufcwcrLCEOQwFawkvsCdhjVBYGveWKzpEylDtFiH6bNZP5c1ux5ejFbdCxVjpi03ntyPdZ8h8Iycc-J_l86cIV_GJYfimc4SgItNN3O0B1zHVeaw8yMoilc-BQJZJJ_92vLDCOq9m9Y/s1600/1.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixufcwcrLCEOQwFawkvsCdhjVBYGveWKzpEylDtFiH6bNZP5c1ux5ejFbdCxVjpi03ntyPdZ8h8Iycc-J_l86cIV_GJYfimc4SgItNN3O0B1zHVeaw8yMoilc-BQJZJJ_92vLDCOq9m9Y/s320/1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5536042199036819330" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;">Six Day War Battle in the Air and Sea<br /><br /><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="War_in_the_air">War in the air</span></h3> <p>During the Six-Day War, the IAF demonstrated the importance of <span class="mw-redirect">air superiority</span> during the course of a modern conflict, especially in a desert theatre. Following the IAF's preliminary air attack, in which the IAF achieved near total tactical surprise (only four unarmed Egyptian training flights were in the air when the strike began<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup>), it was able to thwart and harass what remained of the Arab air forces and to grant itself air superiority over all fronts; it then complemented the strategic effect of its initial strike by carrying out tactical support operations.</p> <p>In contrast, the Arab air forces never managed to mount an effective attack. Attacks of Jordanian fighters and Iraqi <span class="mw-redirect">Tu-16</span> bombers into the Israeli rear during the first two days of the war were not successful and led to the destruction of the aircraft. Several Iraqi and Jordanian aircraft were shot down, while Jordan's air arm was crippled in strikes against its air bases.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>In 1966, Iraqi Captain Munir Redfa defected by flying his MiG-21F-13 to Israel. Israel capitalized on the defection by test-flying the MiG to determine its maximum operational and flight characteristics (its <i>envelope</i>), thus giving Israeli pilots great advantage over their opponents.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>On June 6, the second day of the war, King Hussein and Nasser declared that American and British aircraft took part in the Israeli attacks.</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Video of Dogfights Air Battle during Six day war:</span><br /></p><br /><object height="385" width="640"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/XMgr6awbwEE?fs=1&hl=en_US"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/XMgr6awbwEE?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="385" width="640"></embed></object><br /><br /><object height="385" width="640"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/JQF7VFkaS2E?fs=1&hl=en_US"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/JQF7VFkaS2E?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="385" width="640"></embed></object><br /><br /><object height="385" width="640"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/D9fmTBoYmIw?fs=1&hl=en_US"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/D9fmTBoYmIw?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="385" width="640"></embed></object><br /><br /><object height="385" width="640"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/X8QEV8do83E?fs=1&hl=en_US"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/X8QEV8do83E?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="385" width="640"></embed></object><br /><br /><object height="385" width="640"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/q3snD_qeTQU?fs=1&hl=en_US"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/q3snD_qeTQU?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="385" width="640"></embed></object><br /><br /><br /><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="War_at_sea">War at sea</span></h3> <p>War at sea was limited. Movements of both Israeli and Egyptian vessels are known to have been used to intimidate the other side, but neither side directly engaged the other at sea. Six Israeli combat divers sunk an Egyptian minesweeper in Alexandria harbor before being captured. Israeli light boat crews also captured the abandoned town of Sharm el-Sheikh on the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula on June 7.</p> <p>On June 8, 1967 USS <i>Liberty</i>, a United States Navy <span class="mw-redirect">electronic intelligence</span> vessel sailing 13 nautical miles (24 km) off Arish (just outside Egypt's territorial waters), was attacked by Israeli <span class="mw-redirect">Dassault Mirage</span> jets and torpedo boats, nearly sinking the ship, killing 34 sailors and wounding 170. Israel said the attack was a case of mistaken identity, and that the ship had been misidentified as the Egyptian vessel <i>El Quseir</i>. Israel apologized for the mistake, and paid compensation to the victims or their families. After an investigation, the US accepted the explanation that the incident was friendly fire and the issue was closed by the exchange of diplomatic notes in 1987. The surviving crew members still claim, and present some evidence, that the attacks might have been deliberate (USS <i>Liberty</i> incident).</p><br /></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-17247844596666963352010-11-01T13:30:00.000-07:002010-11-01T13:33:59.227-07:00Battle Front in Golan Heights<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmO3wElQOIMAyX5CcSBEh5xRq9CQyHRgH5fU8EgtKka3h-9FhMcNNEXC3uOLQB1ZgeckCJ0CFoZfQ-1f4vrNbDcttlcrjgkAci097M4Bo_7isySOy01t6QgMr12ENbiemgdC6EZLd9D2w/s1600/1.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 227px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmO3wElQOIMAyX5CcSBEh5xRq9CQyHRgH5fU8EgtKka3h-9FhMcNNEXC3uOLQB1ZgeckCJ0CFoZfQ-1f4vrNbDcttlcrjgkAci097M4Bo_7isySOy01t6QgMr12ENbiemgdC6EZLd9D2w/s320/1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5534682235179963970" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;"><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Six Day War Battle in Golan Heights</span>: False Egyptian reports of a crushing victory against the Israeli army<sup id="cite_ref-npr_74-5" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> and forecasts that Egyptian artillery would soon be in <span class="mw-redirect">Tel-Aviv</span> influenced Syria's willingness to enter the war. Syrian leadership, however, adopted a more cautious approach, and instead began shelling and conducting air raids on northern Israel. When the Israeli Air Force had completed its mission in Egypt, and turned around to destroy the surprised Syrian Air Force, Syria understood that the news it had heard from Egypt of the near-total destruction of the Israeli military could not have been true.<sup id="cite_ref-Knopf642_154-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> During the evening of June 5, Israeli air strikes destroyed two-thirds of the Syrian Air Force, and forced the remaining third to retreat to distant bases, without playing any further role in the ensuing warfare. A minor Syrian force tried to capture the water plant at <span class="mw-redirect">Tel Dan</span> (the subject of a fierce escalation two years earlier), <span class="mw-redirect">Kibbutz Dan</span>, and She'ar Yashuv. But a broader Syrian offensive quickly failed. Several Syrian tanks are reported to have sunk in the Jordan River. Other problems included tanks too wide for bridges, lack of radio communications between tanks and infantry, and units ignoring orders to advance. A post-war Syrian army report concluded "Our forces did not go on the offensive either because they did not arrive or were not wholly prepared or because they could not find shelter from the enemy's planes. The reserves could not withstand the air attacks; they dispersed after their morale plummeted."<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> The Syrian command abandoned hopes of a ground attack and began a massive shelling of Israeli towns in the Hula Valley instead.</p> <p>On June 7 and June 8, the Israeli leadership debated about whether the Golan Heights should be attacked as well; the attack on Syria was initially planned for June 8, but was postponed for 24 hours. At 3 AM on June 9, Syria announced its acceptance of the cease-fire. Despite this, four hours later at 7 AM, Israel’s minister of defense, Moshe Dayan, “gave the order to go into action against Syria.” In addition to long-standing Israeli claims on the Mt Hermon area,<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Syria also had supported the pre-war raids that had helped raise tensions and had routinely shelled Israel from the Heights, so some Israeli leaders wanted to see Syria punished.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_157-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Military advice was that the attack would be extremely costly, since assailing the heights would be an uphill battle against a strongly fortified enemy. The western side of the Golan Heights consists of a rock escarpment that rises 500 metres (1700 ft) from the Sea of Galilee and the Jordan River, and then flattens to a more gently sloping plateau. Moshe Dayan believed such an operation would yield losses of 30,000 and opposed it bitterly. Levi Eshkol, on the other hand, was more open to the possibility of an operation in the Golan Heights, as was the head of the Northern Command, David Elazar, whose unbridled enthusiasm for and confidence in the operation may have eroded Dayan's reluctance. Eventually, as the situation on the Southern and Central fronts cleared up, intelligence estimated that the likelihood of Soviet intervention had reduced, reconnaissance showed some Syrian defenses in the Golan region collapsing, and an intercepted cable showed Nasser urging the President of Syria to immediately accept a cease-fire, Moshe Dayan became more enthusiastic about the idea, and he authorized the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_157-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>The Syrian army consisted of about 75,000 men grouped in nine brigades, supported by an adequate amount of artillery and armor. Israeli forces used in combat consisted of two brigades (one armored led by Albert Mandler and the Golani Brigade) in the northern part of the front at Givat HaEm, and another two (infantry and one of Peled's brigades summoned from Jenin) in the center. The Golan Heights' unique terrain (mountainous slopes crossed by parallel streams every several kilometres running east to west), and the general lack of roads in the area channeled both forces along east-west axes of movement and restricted the ability of units to support those on either flank. Thus the Syrians could move north-south on the plateau itself, and the Israelis could move north-south at the base of the Golan escarpment. An advantage Israel possessed was the excellent intelligence collected by Mossad operative Eli Cohen (who was captured and executed in Syria in 1965) regarding the Syrian battle positions. Syria had built extensive defensive fortifications in depths up to 15 kilometers,<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> comparable to the Maginot Line.</p> <p>As opposed to all the other campaigns, IAF was only partially effective in the Golan because the fixed fortifications were so effective. However, the Syrian forces proved unable to put up an effective defense largely because the officers were poor military leaders and treated their soldiers poorly; often officers would retreat to escape danger, leaving their men confused and ineffective. By the evening of 9 June, the four Israeli brigades had broken through to the plateau, where they could be reinforced and replaced. However, a battalion of the 8th armored brigade was ambushed after taking a wrong turn. 24 out of its 26 tanks were lost, and casualties amounted to 13 killed and 33 wounded.</p> <p>On the next day, June 10, the central and northern groups joined in a pincer movement on the plateau, but that fell mainly on empty territory as the Syrian forces fled. Several units joined by Elad Peled climbed to the Golan from the south, only to find the positions mostly empty as well. During the day, the Israeli units stopped after obtaining manoeuvre room between their positions and a line of volcanic hills to the west. In some locations, Israeli troops advanced after an agreed-upon cease-fire to occupy strategically strong positions.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> To the east, the ground terrain is an open gently sloping plain. This position later became the cease-fire line known as the "<span class="mw-redirect">Purple Line</span>".</p> <i>Time</i> magazine reported: "In an effort to pressure the United Nations into enforcing a ceasefire, Damascus Radio undercut its own army by broadcasting the fall of the city of Quneitra three hours before it actually capitulated. That premature report of the surrender of their headquarters destroyed the morale of the Syrian troops left in the Golan area."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_day_war#cite_note-160"><span></span></a></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-68941314295197813052010-10-30T00:58:00.000-07:002010-10-30T01:01:37.612-07:00Battle Front in West Bank<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjT8pDH4_3EtE5IoKs7w_PDfElmjf0pHjcO-s1-UTpTckEjmdO_fCVip7mSYthVmmMMmKrcr_PIPlSCUrR8zB8b5_5ghgUBaFoBZHkAXtMCVQ3FrD5w90DAHmk-XFbOT3ePcYPFoCxNjs/s1600/1.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 213px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjT8pDH4_3EtE5IoKs7w_PDfElmjf0pHjcO-s1-UTpTckEjmdO_fCVip7mSYthVmmMMmKrcr_PIPlSCUrR8zB8b5_5ghgUBaFoBZHkAXtMCVQ3FrD5w90DAHmk-XFbOT3ePcYPFoCxNjs/s320/1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5533746198811349666" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;"><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Six Day War Battle Front in West Bank</span>: Jordan was reluctant to enter the war. Nasser used the obscurity of the first hours of the conflict to convince Hussein that he was victorious; he claimed as evidence a radar sighting of a squadron of Israeli aircraft returning from bombing raids in Egypt which he said was an Egyptian aircraft en route to attacking Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> One of the Jordanian brigades stationed in the West Bank was sent to the Hebron area in order to link with the Egyptians. Hussein decided to attack.</p> <p>Prior to the war, <span class="mw-redirect">Jordanian forces</span> included 11 brigades totaling some 55,000 troops, equipped with some 300 modern Western tanks. Of these, nine brigades (45,000 troops, 270 tanks, 200 artillery pieces) were deployed in the West Bank, including elite armored 40th, and 2 in the Jordan Valley. The Arab Legion was a long-term-service, professional army relatively well-equipped and well-trained. Furthermore, Israeli post-war briefings said that the Jordanian staff acted professionally as well, but was always left "half a step" behind by the Israeli moves. The tiny Royal Jordanian Air Force consisted of only 24 UK Hawker Hunter fighters. According to the Israelis, the British-made Hawker Hunter was essentially on par with the French-built Dassault Mirage III - the IAF's best plane.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>Against Jordan's forces on the West Bank, Israel deployed about 40,000 troops and 200 tanks (8 brigades).<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Israeli Central Command forces consisted of five brigades. The first two were permanently stationed near Jerusalem and were called the Jerusalem Brigade and the mechanized Harel Brigade. Mordechai Gur's 55th paratrooper brigade was summoned from the Sinai front. An armored brigade was allocated from the General Staff reserve and advanced toward Ramallah, capturing Latrun in the process. The 10th armored brigade was stationed north of the West Bank Region. The Israeli Northern Command provided a division (3 brigades) led by Maj. Gen. Elad Peled, which was stationed to the north of the West Bank, in the Jezreel Valley.</p> <p>The IDF's strategic plan was to remain on the defensive along the Jordanian front, to enable focus in the expected campaign against Egypt. However, on the morning of 5 June, Jordan began shelling targets in west Jerusalem, Netanya, and the outskirts of Tel Aviv.<sup id="cite_ref-Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy_2002_147-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> The Royal Jordanian Air Force attacked Israeli airfields. Despite this, both air and artillery attacks caused little damage, and Israel sent a message promising not to initiate any action against Jordan if it stayed out of the war. Hussein replied that it was too late, "the die was cast".<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> On the evening of June 5, the Israeli cabinet convened to decide what to do; Yigal Allon and <span class="mw-redirect">Menahem Begin</span> argued that this was an opportunity to take the <span class="mw-redirect">Old City of Jerusalem</span>, but Eshkol decided to defer any decision until Moshe Dayan and Yitzhak Rabin could be consulted.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim_p244_149-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> <span class="mw-redirect">Uzi Narkis</span> made a number of proposals for military action, including the capture of Latrun, but the cabinet turned him down. The Israeli military only commenced action after Jordanian forces made thrusts in the area of Jerusalem.</p> <p>Jordanian troops seized the Government House compound, used as the headquarters for the UN observers in a Demilitarized zone since the 1949 Armistice Agreements. In addition, the Jordanians opened a heavy-artillery barrage on western Jerusalem, as well as targeting the center of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryCentral.com_150-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim_p245_151-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>At the UN Security Council meeting of June 5, 1967 Secretary-General U Thant reported that:</p> <p>"at 1330 hours local time today approximately one company of Jordanian soldiers occupied the garden of the Government House.</p> <p>"General Bull later informed me by an emergency message that Jordanian troops had not with-drawn and were demanding to enter Government House itself and had demanded that no telephone calls be made from Government House. Firing was continuing and mortar shells were now landing within the Government House compound. United Nations Headquarters lost radio contact with UNTSO headquarters in Jerusalem at 0852 hours New York time, at which time Jordanian troops occupied Government House1/. This also means that United Nations Headquarters has lost direct contact with headquarters UNEF, whose messages are routed through UNTSO."</p> <blockquote> <p>1/ it is to be noted that the report that Jordanian troops had "occupied" Government House was originally based on incomplete information owing to a communicaitons [<i>sic</i>] breakdown caused by the events in the Government House area. On the basis of a review of events and a checking with the Chief of Staff of UNTSO, it was later determined that the actual facts as regards the reported entry of Jordanian troops into Government House on 5 June 1967 were as follows: at approximately 1445 hours local time, three Jordanian soldiers entered Government House over the protest of UNTSO, but were persuaded by UNTSO staff to leave the building after about ten minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-UNISPAL1347_152-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> </blockquote> <p>On June 6, Israeli units were scrambled to attack Jordanian forces in the West Bank. In the afternoon of that same day, Israeli Air Force (IAF) strikes destroyed the Royal Jordanian Air Force. By the evening of that day, the Jerusalem infantry brigade moved south of Jerusalem, while the mechanized Harel and Gur's paratroopers encircled it from the north. The reserve paratroop brigade completed the Jerusalem encirclement in the bloody Battle of Ammunition Hill, in which 71 Jordanian and 37 Israeli soldiers were killed. Fearing damage to holy places and having to fight in built-up areas, Dayan ordered his troops not to go into the city itself.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim_p244_149-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>On June 7, heavy fighting ensued. The infantry brigade attacked the fortress at Latrun, capturing it at daybreak, and advanced through <span class="mw-redirect">Beit Horon</span> towards Ramallah. The Harel brigade continued its push to the mountainous area of northwest Jerusalem, linking the Mount Scopus campus of <span class="mw-redirect">Hebrew University</span> with the city of Jerusalem. By the evening, the brigade arrived in Ramallah. The IAF detected and destroyed the 60th Jordanian Brigade en route from Jericho to reinforce Jerusalem.</p> <p>In the north, one battalion from Peled's division was sent to check Jordanian defenses in the Jordan Valley. A brigade belonging to Peled's division captured the western part of the West Bank, another captured Jenin and the third (equipped with light French AMX-13s) engaged Jordanian M48 Patton main battle tanks to the east.</p> <p>Dayan had ordered his troops not to enter Jerusalem; however, upon hearing that the UN was about to declare a ceasefire, he changed his mind, and without cabinet clearance, decided to take the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim_p244_149-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Gur's paratroopers entered the Old City of Jerusalem via the <span class="mw-redirect">Lion's Gate</span>, and captured the Western Wall and the Temple Mount. The intense battle for the Old City was fought mostly by paratroopers, who had to engage in heavy street fighting. The Israeli high command had ordered the IDF not to use heavy armor in the Old City - since this was an area holy to Judaism, the Israeli government wanted to leave it intact. The Jerusalem brigade then reinforced the paratroops, and continued to the south, capturing Judea, Gush Etzion and Hebron. The Harel brigade proceeded eastward, descending to the Jordan River.</p> <p>In the West Bank, one of Peled's brigades seized Nablus; then it joined one of Central Command's armored brigades to fight the Jordanian forces; as the Jordanians held the advantage of superior equipment and were equal in numbers to the Israelis.</p> <p>Again, the air superiority of the IAF proved paramount as it immobilized the enemy, leading to its defeat. One of Peled's brigades joined with its Central Command counterparts coming from Ramallah, and the remaining two blocked the Jordan river crossings together with the Central Command's 10th (the latter crossed the Jordan river into the East Bank to provide cover for <span class="mw-redirect">Israeli combat engineers</span> while they blew the Abdullah and Hussein bridges, but was quickly pulled back because of American pressure).</p> <p>No specific decision had been made to capture any other territories controlled by Jordan. After the Old City was captured, Dayan told his troops to dig in to hold it. When an armored brigade commander entered the West Bank on his own initiative, and stated that he could see Jericho, Dayan ordered him back. It was only after intelligence reports indicated that Hussein had withdrawn his forces across the Jordan River that Dayan ordered his troops to capture the West Bank.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim_p245_151-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> According to Narkis:</p> First, the Israeli government had no intention of capturing the West Bank. On the contrary, it was opposed to it. Second, there was not any provocation on the part of the IDF. Third, the rein was only loosened when a real threat to Jerusalem's security emerged. This is truly how things happened on June 5, although it is difficult to believe. The end result was something that no one had planned.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War#cite_note-153"><span></span></a></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-24418549059948811032010-10-17T06:37:00.000-07:002010-10-17T06:41:10.304-07:00Battle Front in Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN6hRlJxwRvcheDC8M2RpCG5eGgUkZHjoYRNYEUBDCwA8ybVm5Nq2gmE_YfZti9oXnO5KJppEGVDpZECCc5ZW7LahMFd6quaqW-b8rBhKka-yBZMTY6N3R_P1W9x8hL8AMAA_VFxVfPfc/s1600/a.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 259px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN6hRlJxwRvcheDC8M2RpCG5eGgUkZHjoYRNYEUBDCwA8ybVm5Nq2gmE_YfZti9oXnO5KJppEGVDpZECCc5ZW7LahMFd6quaqW-b8rBhKka-yBZMTY6N3R_P1W9x8hL8AMAA_VFxVfPfc/s320/a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5529009490131058034" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;"><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Six Day War Battle Front in Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula</span>: The Egyptian forces consisted of seven divisions: four armored, two infantry, and one mechanized infantry. Overall, Egypt had around 100,000 troops and 900-950 tanks in the Sinai, backed by 1,100 <span class="mw-redirect">APCs</span> and 1,000 artillery pieces. This arrangement was thought to be based on the Soviet doctrine, where mobile armor units at strategic depth provide a dynamic defense while infantry units engage in defensive battles.</p> <p>Israeli forces concentrated on the border with Egypt included six armored brigades, one infantry brigade, one mechanized infantry brigade, three paratrooper brigades, giving a total of around 70,000 men and 700 tanks, who were organized in three armored divisions. The Israeli plan was to surprise the Egyptian forces in both timing (the attack exactly coinciding with the IAF strike on Egyptian airfields), location (attacking via northern and central Sinai routes, as opposed to the Egyptian expectations of a repeat of the 1956 war, when the IDF attacked via the central and southern routes) and method (using a combined-force flanking approach, rather than direct tank assaults).</p> <p>The northernmost Israeli division, consisting of three brigades and commanded by Major General Israel Tal, one of Israel's most prominent armor commanders, advanced slowly through the Gaza Strip and <span class="mw-redirect">El-Arish</span>, which were not heavily protected.</p> <p>The central division (Maj. Gen. Avraham Yoffe) and the southern division (Maj. Gen. Ariel Sharon), however, entered the heavily defended Abu-Ageila-Kusseima region, leading to what is known as the Battle of Abu-Ageila. Egyptian forces there included one infantry division (the 2nd), a battalion of tank destroyers and a tank regiment, formed of Soviet WW2 armor, which included 90 <span class="mw-redirect">T-34-85</span> tanks (with 85 mm guns), 22 SU-100 tank destroyers (with 100 mm guns), and about 16,000 men,<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> while the Israelis had a man-power of about 14,000, and 150 post-WW2 tanks including the AMX-13 with 90 mm guns, Centurions, and M50 Super Shermans.</p> <p>Sharon initiated an attack, precisely planned, coordinated and carried out. He sent two of his brigades to the north of <span class="mw-redirect">Um-Katef</span>, the first one to break through the defenses at Abu-Ageila to the south, and the second to block the road to <span class="mw-redirect">El-Arish</span> and to encircle Abu-Ageila from the east. At the same time, a paratrooper force was heliborne to the rear of the defensive positions and attacked the Egyptian artillery positions. Although the paratrooper force's plan quickly fell apart, the confusion sown among the artillery crews helped to slow but not quite stop artillery fire.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Combined forces of armor, paratroopers, infantry, artillery, and combat engineers then attacked the Egyptian position from the front, flanks and rear, cutting the enemy off. The breakthrough battles, which were in sandy areas and minefields, continued for three and a half days until Abu-Ageila fell. About 4,000 Egyptian soldiers were killed, and losses in military hardware were heavy, including 40 tanks. The Israelis lost 33 men and 19 tanks.</p> <p>At the same time, Israeli forces attacked <span class="mw-redirect">El Arish</span> and <span class="new">Jebel Libni</span>, <span class="mw-redirect">Bir Gafgafa</span>, and Gaza areas, capturing the cities as well as a number of fortified towns. They met fierce resistance, but they continued their rapid advance. As well as numerous armored battles which saw Israeli armor defeat numerically superior Egyptian armor, many Egyptian tanks were also knocked out by Israeli infantry carrying anti-tank weapons. The fiercest fighting was at Gaza, where the Israelis fought for two days and suffered heavy casualties before capturing it. An independent Israeli armored brigade also captured an Egyptian outpost at <span class="new">Kunitla</span>. During the ground fighting, remnants of the Egyptian Air Force attacked Israeli ground troops, but took heavy losses from the Israeli Air Force and anti-aircraft units.</p> <p>Many of the Egyptian units remained intact and could have tried to prevent the Israelis from reaching the Suez Canal or engaged in combat in the attempt to reach the canal. However, when the Egyptian Minister of Defense, Field Marshal Abdel Hakim Amer heard about the fall of Abu-Ageila, he panicked and ordered all units in the Sinai to retreat. This order effectively meant the defeat of Egypt.</p> <p>As Egyptian columns retreated, Israeli aircraft attacked them, using napalm bombs. The attacks destroyed hundreds of vehicles and caused heavy casualties. Due to the Egyptians' retreat, the Israeli High Command decided not to pursue the Egyptian units but rather to bypass and destroy them in the mountainous passes of West Sinai. Therefore, in the following two days (June 6 and 7), all three Israeli divisions (Sharon and Tal were reinforced by an armored brigade each) rushed westwards and reached the passes. Sharon's division first went southward then westward to Mitla Pass with air support. It was joined there by parts of Yoffe's division, while its other units blocked the Gidi Pass. These passes became killing grounds for the retreating Egyptians as a result. Tal's units stopped at various points to the length of the Suez Canal.</p> <p>The Israeli Navy landed six combat divers to infiltrate Alexandria harbor. The divers sank an Egyptian minesweeper before being taken prisoner.</p> <p>Israel's blocking action was partially successful. Only the Gidi pass was captured before the Egyptians approached it, but at other places, Egyptian units managed to pass through and cross the canal to safety. Due to the haste of the Egyptian retreat, soldiers often abandoned weapons or military equipment, as well as hundreds of vehicles. Many Egyptian soldiers were cut off from their units had to walk about 200 kilometers through by foot before reaching the Suez Canal with limited supplies of food and water and were exposed to intense heat. Thousands of soldiers died as a result. Many Egyptian soldiers chose instead to surrender to the Israelis.</p> <p>On June 8, Israel had completed the capture of the Sinai by sending infantry units to <span class="mw-redirect">Ras-Sudar</span> on the western coast of the peninsula. <span class="mw-redirect">Sharm El-Sheikh</span>, at its southern tip, had already been taken a day earlier by units of the Israeli Navy.</p> <p>In Summary: Several tactical elements made the swift Israeli advance possible: first, the surprise attack that quickly gave the Israeli Air Force complete air superiority over <span class="mw-redirect">its Egyptian counterpart</span>; second, the determined implementation of an innovative battle plan; third, the lack of coordination among Egyptian troops. These factors would prove to be decisive elements on Israel's other fronts as well.</p></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-92014036263338081112010-10-17T06:29:00.000-07:002010-10-17T06:33:53.206-07:00Israel Preliminary Air Attack<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqVt6-oPXcCV6DEkqalHLkWmVY9trcksXrLqBnUl7WI5AXjuaAPVf2kBkerNXcEO0dcMLavXBZE1SaqIVYQeZfkatsfkeZmJv4rQan7c1N6OiHWt2lp_CBz_sfMY00BDvs-FN4t-4cXqA/s1600/a.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 218px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqVt6-oPXcCV6DEkqalHLkWmVY9trcksXrLqBnUl7WI5AXjuaAPVf2kBkerNXcEO0dcMLavXBZE1SaqIVYQeZfkatsfkeZmJv4rQan7c1N6OiHWt2lp_CBz_sfMY00BDvs-FN4t-4cXqA/s320/a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5529007703381718610" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;"><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Six Day War Fighting Front, Israel Preliminary Air Attack</span>: Israel's first and most critical move was a surprise attack on the Egyptian Air Force. Egypt had by far the largest and the most modern of all the Arab air forces, consisting of about 420 combat aircraft,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> all of them Soviet-built and with a heavy quota of top-of-the line MiG-21 capable of attaining Mach 2 speed. Initially, both Egypt and Israel announced that they had been attacked by the other country.</p> <p>Of particular concern to the Israelis were the 30 Tu-16 “Badger” medium bombers, capable of inflicting heavy damage on Israeli military and civilian centers.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> On June 5 at 7:45 Israeli time, as civil defense sirens sounded all over Israel, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) launched Operation Focus (<i>Moked</i>). All but 12 of its nearly 200 operational jets<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> left the skies of Israel in a mass attack against Egypt's airfields.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> The Egyptian defensive infrastructure was extremely poor, and no airfields were yet equipped with hardened aircraft shelters capable of protecting Egypt's warplanes. Most of the Israeli warplanes headed out over the Mediterranean Sea before turning toward Egypt. Others flew over the Red Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-Oren_2002_135-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Meanwhile, the Egyptians hindered their own defense by effectively shutting down their entire air defense system: they were worried that rebel Egyptian forces would shoot down the plane carrying Field Marshal Amer and Lt-Gen. Sidqi Mahmoud, who were en route from al Maza to Bir Tamada in the Sinai to meet the commanders of the troops stationed there. In any event, it did not make a great deal of difference as the Israeli pilots came in below Egyptian radar cover and well below the lowest point at which its SA-2 surface-to-air missile batteries could bring down an aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Although the powerful Jordanian radar facility at <span class="mw-redirect">Ajlun</span> observed the waves of Israeli aircraft and reported the code word for "war" up the Egyptian command chain, Egyptian command and communications problems prevented the warning from reaching the targeted airfields.<sup id="cite_ref-Oren_2002_135-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> The Israelis employed a mixed attack strategy: bombing and strafing runs against planes parked on the ground, themselves, and bombing the runways with <span class="mw-redirect">tarmac-shredding penetration bombs</span> to disable them and leave survivng aircrtaft unable to take off. These aircraft were later taken out by several more attack waves. The operation was more successful than expected, catching the Egyptians by surprise and destroying virtually all of the Egyptian Air Force on the ground, with few Israeli losses. Over 300 Egyptian aircraft were destroyed and 100 pilots were killed,<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> although the number of aircraft actually lost by the Egyptians is disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Among the Egyptian planes lost were all 30 Tu-16 bombers, as well as 27 out of 40 Il-28 bombers, 12 <span class="mw-redirect">Su-7</span> fighter-bombers, over 90 <span class="mw-redirect">MiG-21s</span>, 20 <span class="mw-redirect">MiG-19s</span>, 25 <span class="mw-redirect">MiG-17</span> fighters and around 32 assorted transport planes and helicopters. The Israelis lost 19 planes, including two destroyed in air-to-air combat and 13 downed by anti-aircraft artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> The attack guaranteed Israeli <span class="mw-redirect">air superiority</span> for the rest of the war.</p> <p>Following the success of the initial attack waves against the major Egyptian airfields and subsequent air raids, attacks were carried out that afternoon against Israel by the Jordanian, Syrian, and Iraqi air forces. Subsequent attacks against Egyptian, Jordanian, Syrian, and Iraqi fields destroyed most of their air forces. By the evening of the first day, the Jordanian air force was wiped out, losing over 20 Hawker Hunter fighters, as well as six transport aircraft and two helicopters. The Syrian Air Force lost some 32 <span class="mw-redirect">MiG 21s</span>, and 23 <span class="mw-redirect">MiG-15</span> and <span class="mw-redirect">MiG-17</span> fighters, and two Ilyushin Il-28 bombers, two-thirds of its fighting strength. A number of Iraqi Air Force aircraft were destroyed at H3 base in western Iraq by an Israeli airstrike which included 12 out of 20 MiG-21s, two MiG-17s, five Hunter F6s, and three Il-28 bombers. A lone Iraqi Tu-16 bomber was shot down earlier that day by Israeli anti-aircraft fire while attempting to bomb Tel Aviv. On the morning of June 6, 1967, a Lebanese Hunter, one of 12 Lebanon had, was shot down over the Lebanon/Israel border by an Israeli Mirage IIICJ piloted by Uri Even-Nir.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> By nightfall, Israel said it destroyed 416 Arab aircraft, while losing 26 of their own in the first two days of the war. Israeli aircraft shot down included six out of 72 of its Mirage IIICJ fighters, four out of its 24 Super Mystère fighters, eight out of 60 Mystère IVA ground attack aircraft, four out of 40 Ouragan ground attack aircraft, and five out of 25 of its Vautour II medium bombers. Twelve Israeli pilots were killed, five wounded, and four captured. The numbers of Arab aircraft claimed destroyed by Israel were at first regarded as "greatly exaggerated" by the Western press. However, the fact that the Egyptian, Jordanian, and other Arab air forces made practically no appearance for the remaining days of the conflict proved that the numbers were most likely authentic. Throughout the war, Israeli aircraft continued strafing Arab airfield runways to prevent their return to usability. Meanwhile, Egyptian state-run radio had reported an Egyptian victory, falsely claiming that 70 Israeli planes had been downed on the first day of fighting.</div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-44447948055214350802010-10-14T02:31:00.000-07:002010-10-14T02:34:37.317-07:00Israeli Preparations to War<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvCy3fggMlUKsZHsuftSHN3ILknt_kbFC4Zy0hePcNjdGTySaoOgrsiI8MvkEax270YW_LYJolp2pY_bk3sbo8tSZtELpMD5uwNxa1OxrtSuexuS5QBi19YjH-f5pF7_EiepmJkiX8jn0/s1600/1.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 194px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvCy3fggMlUKsZHsuftSHN3ILknt_kbFC4Zy0hePcNjdGTySaoOgrsiI8MvkEax270YW_LYJolp2pY_bk3sbo8tSZtELpMD5uwNxa1OxrtSuexuS5QBi19YjH-f5pF7_EiepmJkiX8jn0/s320/1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527832789737372706" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;"><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Six Day War: Israeli Preparations for War</span>, Before the war, Israeli pilots and ground crews had trained extensively in rapid refitting of aircraft returning from sorties, enabling a single aircraft to sortie up to four times a day (as opposed to the norm in Arab air forces of one or two sorties per day). This enabled the IAF to send several attack waves against Egyptian airfields on the first day of the war, overwhelming the Egyptian Air Force, and also allowed it to knock out other Arab air forces on the same day. This also has contributed to the Arab belief that the IAF was helped by foreign air forces (see below). Pilots were also extensively schooled about their targets, and were forced to memorize every single detail. They also rehearsed the attack numerous times on dummy runways.</p> <p>The Egyptians had constructed fortified defenses in the Sinai. These designs were based on the assumption that an attack would come from the few roads leading through the desert, rather than the difficult desert terrain. The Israelis chose not to risk attacking the Egyptian defenses head-on, and instead to surprise them from an unexpected direction. They had practiced driving vehicles through sof dunes in the Negev, and discovered that vehicles would get greater maneuverability in desert terrain if tires were partially deflated. As a result, they could choose their angle of attack, and advance through areas the Egyptians least expected. In order to keep the performance of Israeli soldiers high in the heat of the Sinai desert, the Israeli army ordered that soldiers be supplied with one liter of water every hour, rather than the previous one liter per day. As a result, soldiers were able to perform better than their Egyptian counterparts.</p> <p>In order to strike the Golan Heights, the Mossad (Israeli secret service) had sent agent Eli Cohen to infiltrate the Syrian government, where he exploited his high-ranking position to provide crucial intelligence. Feigning sympathy for Syrian soldiers, he ordered trees planted by every Syrian emplacement to shade them. These trees were later used as targeting markers by the Israelis. Intelligence had also revealed where the most difficult terrain was, so a route of attack was chosen that would both avoid natural tank traps and surprise the Syrians. In order to successfully storm the Syrian bunkers, the Israelis utilized the Uzi submachine gun, which was more suitable for close combat than the AK-47, the standard weapon of the Syrian Army.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>The Israeli army had a total strength, including reservists, of 264,000, though this number could not be sustained, as the reservists were vital to civilian life.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> James Reston, writing in the <i>New York Times</i> on May 23, 1967, noted, "In discipline, training, morale, equipment and general competence his [Nasser's] army and the other Arab forces, without the direct assistance of the Soviet Union, are no match for the Israelis... Even with 50,000 troops and the best of his generals and air force in Yemen, he has not been able to work his way in that small and primitive country, and even his effort to help the Congo rebels was a flop."<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> On the evening of June 1, Israeli Minister of Defense Moshe Dayan called Chief of Staff Yitzhak Rabin and the GOC, Southern Command Brigadier General <span class="new">Yeshayahu Gavish</span> to present plans against Egypt. Rabin had formulated a plan in which Southern Command would fight its way to the Gaza Strip and then hold the territory and its people hostage until Egypt agreed to reopen the Straits of Tiran; while Gavish had a more comprehensive plan that called for the destruction of Egyptian forces in the Sinai. Rabin favored Gavish's plan, which was then endorsed by Dayan with the caution that a simultaneous offensive against Syria should be avoided.</div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-80536706883899772442010-10-14T02:29:00.000-07:002010-10-14T02:31:36.324-07:00Arab Preparations to War<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLeC-Uou3-29GzDPMyl1RzNIDYbxpt43YbNH7aoa-VYJAuF422y-HnVGrC2m36SrQdV0Yn5QskzIBcFAL4t9eNz9TJ7WM9fXS0939RN0F1aYp9O5-9QcjfoZ64QvqHyKukHLAIwsdoxqA/s1600/Six_day_war_into_the_sea.gif"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 211px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLeC-Uou3-29GzDPMyl1RzNIDYbxpt43YbNH7aoa-VYJAuF422y-HnVGrC2m36SrQdV0Yn5QskzIBcFAL4t9eNz9TJ7WM9fXS0939RN0F1aYp9O5-9QcjfoZ64QvqHyKukHLAIwsdoxqA/s320/Six_day_war_into_the_sea.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527832014174625346" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;"><p>On the eve of the war, Egypt massed approximately 100,000 of its 160,000 troops in the Sinai, including all of its seven divisions (four infantry, two armored and one mechanized), as well as four independent infantry and four independent armored brigades. No less than a third of them were veterans of Egypt's intervention into the <span class="mw-redirect">Yemen Civil War</span> and another third were reservists. These forces had 950 tanks, 1,100 APCs and more than 1,000 artillery pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> At the same time some Egyptian troops (15,000 - 20,000) were still fighting in Yemen.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Nasser's ambivalence about his goals and objectives was reflected in his orders to the military. The general staff changed the operational plan four times in May 1967, each change requiring the redeployment of troops, with the inevitable toll on both men and vehicles. Towards the end of May, Nasser finally forbade the general staff from proceeding with the <i>Qahir</i> ("Victory") plan, which called for a light infantry screen in the forward fortifications with the bulk of the forces held back to conduct a massive counterattack against the main Israeli advance when identified, and ordered a forward defense of the Sinai.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> In the meantime, he continued to take actions intended to increase the level of mobilization of Egypt, Syria and Jordan, in order to bring pressure on Israel.</p> <p>Syria's army had a total strength of 75,000 and amassed them along the Syrian border.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Jordan's army had 55,000 troops,<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> including 300 tanks along the Jordanian border, 250 of which were US M48 Patton, sizable amounts of <span class="mw-redirect">M113</span> APCs, a new battalion of mechanized infantry, and a paratrooper battalion trained in the new US-built school. They also had 12 battalions of artillery and six batteries of 81 mm and 120 mm mortars.<sup id="cite_ref-segevs_97-3" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>Documents captured by the Israelis from various Jordanian command posts record orders from the end of May for the Hashemite Brigade to capture Ramot Burj Bir Mai'in in a night raid, codenamed "Operation Khaled". The aim was to establish a bridgehead together with positions in Latrun for an armored capture of Lod and <span class="mw-redirect">Ramle</span>. The "go" codeword was <i>Sa'ek</i> and end was <i>Nasser</i>. The Jordanians also planned for the capture of Motza and Sha'alvim in the strategic <span class="mw-redirect">Jerusalem Corridor</span>. Motza was tasked to Infantry Brigade 27 camped near <span class="mw-redirect">Ma'ale Adummim</span>: "The reserve brigade will commence a nighttime infiltration onto Motza, will destroy it to the foundation, and won't leave a remnant or refugee from among its 800 residents".<sup id="cite_ref-segevs_97-4" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>100 Iraqi tanks and an infantry division were readied near the Jordanian border. Two squadrons of fighter-aircraft, Hawker Hunters and MiG 21 respectively, were rebased adjacent to the Jordanian border.<sup id="cite_ref-segevs_97-5" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>On June 2, Jordan called up all reserve officers, and the West Bank commander met with community leaders in Ramallah to request assistance and cooperation for his troops during the war, assuring them that "in 3 days we'll be in Tel-Aviv".<sup id="cite_ref-segevs_97-6" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> The Arab air forces themselves were aided by volunteer pilots from the Pakistan Air Force acting in independent capacity, as well as some aircraft from Libya, Algeria, Morocco, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia to make up for the massive losses suffered on the first day of the war.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_day_war#cite_note-126"><span></span></a></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-51616691383040820472010-10-07T05:46:00.000-07:002010-10-07T05:50:20.432-07:00Diplomacy and intelligence assessments<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNTUf5XR5R7oZngOSScL84Zi8ZQjiBMsBQxwLSo3TN3IVrQgnTRNRqy4F9Rw5nAVnlXBAeVrzjjIaLbARHpAEiLW4xlmM1O8rS02FPwP7oEri1LrKzrQVbE8uZ4rLmE1m0McDbfgT36Xk/s1600/1.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 243px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNTUf5XR5R7oZngOSScL84Zi8ZQjiBMsBQxwLSo3TN3IVrQgnTRNRqy4F9Rw5nAVnlXBAeVrzjjIaLbARHpAEiLW4xlmM1O8rS02FPwP7oEri1LrKzrQVbE8uZ4rLmE1m0McDbfgT36Xk/s320/1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5525285634467174642" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;"><p>The Israeli cabinet met on May 23 and decided to launch an attack if the Straits of Tiran were not re-opened by May 25. Following an approach from United States Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs <span class="mw-redirect">Eugene Rostow</span> to allow time for the negotiation of a nonviolent solution, Israel agreed to a delay of ten days to two weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> UN Secretary General, U Thant, visited Cairo for mediation and recommended a moratorium in the Straits of Tiran and a renewed diplomatic effort to solve the crisis. Egypt agreed, but Israel rejected these proposals.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Nasser's concessions did not necessarily suggest that he was making a concerted effort to avoid war. The decision benefited him both politically and strategically. Agreeing to diplomacy helped garner international political support. Moreover, every delay gave Egypt time to complete its own military preparations and coordinate with the other Arab forces. Also, Israel's rejection did not necessarily demonstrate a desire for war so much as it demonstrated the urgency it felt the situation warranted. Israel felt it could not afford to sustain total mobilization for long.<sup id="cite_ref-ac.il-2005_106-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Caught up in Arab enthusiasm for military action and encouraged by the lack of response to the closure of the Straits, Egyptian Field Marshal Amer planned for initiating an attack on Israel in late May. He told one of his generals that "This time we will be the ones to start the war." This was counter to Nasser's strategy of pushing Israel to start the war. Historian Michael Oren states that Egyptian sources are divided over why Nasser did not veto Amer's plan. Oren suggests that "Nasser was apprised of [the plan] but lacked the political strength to override Amer's order. Also, the preparation of an Egyptian invasion of Israel had certain advantages for Nasser" <sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>The U.S. also tried to mediate, and Nasser agreed to send his vice-president to Washington to explore a diplomatic settlement. Most American diplomats who worked in the Middle East were sympathetic to Nasser's views on the Straits, with several of them arguing that the U.S. should ignore both its on-the-record promises to Israel regarding the Straits being open and international law; a few diplomats who were not as impressed by threats from Arab nations advised the Johnson Administration to back the flotilla option as a "show of force" that would forestall war from breaking out. The meeting did not happen because Israel launched its offensive. Some analysts suggest that Nasser took actions aimed at reaping political gains, which he knew carried a high risk of precipitating military hostilities. On this view, Nasser's willingness to take such risks was based on his fundamental underestimation of Israel's capacity for independent and effective military action.<sup id="cite_ref-ac.il-2005_106-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>On May 25, 1967, Israeli Foreign Minister Abba Eban landed in Washington “with instructions to discuss American plans to re-open the Strait of Tiran”. As soon as he arrived, he was given new instructions in a cable from the Israeli government. The cable said that Israel had learned of an imminent Egyptian attack, which overshadowed the blockade. No longer was he to emphasize the strait issue; he was instructed to ‘inform the highest authorities of this new threat and to request an official statement from the United States that an attack on Israel would be viewed as an attack on the United States.”According to most sources, including those involved, the new instructions were sent at the instigation of Chief of Staff Yitzhak Rabin, who was eager to force an American decision – either Johnson would have to commit to specific American action then, or Israel would be free to act on its own.<sup id="cite_ref-QuandtPP_108-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Historian Michael Oren explains Eban's reaction to the new instructions: "Eban was livid. Unconvinced that Nasser was either determined or even able to attack, he now saw Israelis inflating the Egyptian threat - and flaunting their weakness - in order to extract a pledge that the President, Congress-bound, could never make." He described the cable as an ' act of momentous irresponsibility... eccentric...' which 'lacked wisdom, veracity and tactical understanding,' and later came to the conclusion that the genesis of the cable was Rabin's indecisive state of mind.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>Despite his own skepticism, Eban followed his instructions during his first meeting with Secretary Rusk, Under Secretary Rostow, and Assistant Secretary <span class="mw-redirect">Lucius Battle</span>. American intelligence experts spent the night analyzing each of the Israeli claims.<sup id="cite_ref-QuandtPP_108-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> On May 26, Eban met with United States Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, and finally with President Lyndon B. Johnson. In a memo to the President, Rusk rejected the claim of an Egyptian and Syrian attack being imminent, plainly stating "our intelligence does not confirm the Israeli estimate".<sup id="cite_ref-ruskmemo_110-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> According to declassified documents from the Johnson Presidential Library, President Johnson and other top officials in the administration did not believe war between Israel and its neighbors was necessary or inevitable.<sup id="cite_ref-Salon_111-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> "All of our intelligence people are unanimous that if the UAR attacks, you will whip hell out of them", Johnson told Eban during a visit to the White House on May 26.<sup id="cite_ref-Salon_111-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CIA_112-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> This assertion was made in accordance with a CIA assessment that Israel could “defend successfully against simultaneous Arab attacks on all fronts or hold on any three fronts while mounting successfully a major offensive on the fourth."<sup id="cite_ref-Salon_111-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CIA_112-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Consequently, Johnson declined to airlift special military supplies to Israel or even to publicly support it.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_112-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Eban left the White House distraught.</p> <p>In a lecture given in 2002, Oren said, "Johnson sat around with his advisors and said, ‘What if their intelligence sources are better than ours?’ Johnson decided to fire off a <span class="mw-redirect">Hotline</span> message to his counterpart in the Kremlin, Alexei Kosygin, in which he said, ‘We've heard from the Israelis, but we can't corroborate it, that your proxies in the Middle East, the Egyptians, plan to launch an attack against Israel in the next 48 hours. If you don't want to start a global crisis, prevent them from doing that.’ At 2:30 a.m. on May 27, Soviet Ambassador to Egypt Dimitri Pojidaev knocked on Nasser's door and read him a personal letter from Kosygin in which he said, ‘We don't want Egypt to be blamed for starting a war in the Middle East. If you launch that attack, we cannot support you.’ Amer consulted his sources in the Kremlin, and they corroborated the substance of Kosygin's message. Despondent, Amer told the commander of Egypt's air force, Major General Mahmud Sidqi, that the operation was cancelled."<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> According to then Egyptian Vice-President Hussein el-Shafei, as soon as Nasser knew what Amer planned, he cancelled the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>On 30 May, Nasser responded to Johnson's request of 11 days earlier and agreed to send his Vice President, <span class="mw-redirect">Zakkariya Muhieddin</span>, to Washington on June 7 to explore a diplomatic settlement in "precisely the opening the White House had sought".<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Historian Michael Oren writes that Rusk was "mad as hell" and that Johnson later wrote "I have never concealed my regret that Israel decided to move when it did".<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> Within Israel's political leadership, it was decided that if the US would not act, and if the UN could not act, then Israel would have to act. On 1 June, Moshe Dayan was made Israeli Defense Minister, and on June 3 the Johnson administration gave an ambiguous statement; Israel continued to prepare for war. Israel's attack against Egypt on June 5 began what would later be dubbed the Six-Day War. According to Martin van Creveld, the IDF pressed for war: "...the concept of 'defensible borders' was not even part of the IDFs own vocabulary. Anyone who will look for it in the military literature of the time will do so in vain. Instead, Israel's commanders based their thought on the 1948 war and, especially, their 1956 triumph over the Egyptians in which, from then Chief of Staff Dayan down, they had gained their spurs. When the 1967 crisis broke they felt certain of their ability to win a 'decisive, quick and elegant' victory, as one of their number, General <span class="mw-redirect">Haim Bar Lev</span>, put it, and pressed the government to start the war as soon as possible".<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> Some of Israel's political leaders, however, hoped for a diplomatic solution.</div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-35250290803771950712010-09-27T22:31:00.000-07:002010-09-27T22:34:43.084-07:00The drift to war<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNrPT1x6QIVqJbEjEHhbUw2vV7i_xQM_pMTn0LGNg5Bmx1D9TSbZRRdCh4OLHzROeDfW5FCIVK3zTC44qdhI2vnymsAbUmFoKmPTZrA-b2U7i6iTzVLOP4jmsBWsjD6XefwbcSGFlRm7c/s1600/a.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 259px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNrPT1x6QIVqJbEjEHhbUw2vV7i_xQM_pMTn0LGNg5Bmx1D9TSbZRRdCh4OLHzROeDfW5FCIVK3zTC44qdhI2vnymsAbUmFoKmPTZrA-b2U7i6iTzVLOP4jmsBWsjD6XefwbcSGFlRm7c/s320/a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5521833614932936530" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;"><p>In his speech to Arab <span class="mw-redirect">trade unionists</span> on May 26, Nasser announced: "If Israel embarks on an aggression against Syria or Egypt, the battle against Israel will be a general one and not confined to one spot on the Syrian or Egyptian borders. The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel."<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>Speaking to the UN General Assembly in September 1960, Nasser had stated that "The only solution to Palestine is that matters should return to the condition prevailing before the error was committed - i.e., the annulment of Israel's existence." In 1964 he said, "We swear to God that we shall not rest until we restore the Arab nation to Palestine and Palestine to the Arab nation. There is no room for imperialism and there is no room for Britain in our country, just as there is no room for Israel within the Arab nation." In 1965 he asserted, "We shall not enter Palestine with its soil covered in sand, we shall enter it with its soil saturated in blood."<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>Nasser publicly denied that Egypt would strike first and spoke of a negotiated peace if the Palestinians were allowed to return to their homeland and of a possible compromise over the Strait of Tiran.<sup id="cite_ref-countrystudies.us_73-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>Israeli <span class="mw-redirect">Foreign Minister</span> Abba Eban wrote in his autobiography that he found "Nasser's assurance that he did not plan an armed attack" convincing, adding that "Nasser did not want war; he wanted victory without war".<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><span>[</span>102<span>]</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><span>[</span>103<span>]</span></sup> Writing from Egypt on June 4, 1967, <i><span class="mw-redirect">New York Times</span></i> journalist James Reston observed: "Cairo does not want war and it is certainly not ready for war. But it has already accepted the possibility, even the likelihood, of war, as if it had lost control of the situation."<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>Writing in 2002, American National Public Radio journalist Mike Shuster expressed a view that was prevalent in Israel before the war that the country "was surrounded by Arab states dedicated to its eradication. Egypt was ruled by Gamal Abdel Nasser, a firebrand nationalist whose army was the strongest in the Arab Middle East. Syria was governed by the radical Baathist Party, constantly issuing threats to push Israel into the sea."<sup id="cite_ref-npr_74-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> With what Israel saw as provocative acts by Nasser, including the blockade of the Straits and the mobilization of forces in the Sinai, creating military and economic pressure, and the United States temporizing because of its entanglement in the Vietnam War, Israel's political and military elite came to feel that preemption was not merely militarily preferable, but transformative.</p></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-87984810040125056512010-09-25T12:17:00.000-07:002010-09-26T14:40:20.209-07:00Six Day War Causes<div style="text-align: justify;"><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Suez_Crisis_aftermath">Suez Crisis aftermath</span></h3> <p>The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt, and set the stage leading to the Six-Day War. In a speech delivered to the Knesset, David Ben-Gurion said that the 1949 armistice agreement with Egypt was dead and buried, and that the armistice lines were no longer valid and could not be restored. Under no circumstances would Israel agree to the stationing of UN forces on its territory or in any area it occupied.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup>Heavy diplomatic pressure from both the United States and the Soviet Union forced Israel into a conditional withdrawal of its military from the Sinai Peninsula,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></sup> only after satisfactory arrangements had been made with the international force that was about to enter the canal zone.</p>Egypt also agreed to reopen the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping, whose closure had been a significant catalyst in precipitating the Suez Crisis. <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_day_war#cite_note-26"><span></span></a></sup> <p>After the 1956 war, the region returned to an uneasy balance without the resolution of any of the underlying issues. At the time, no Arab state had recognized Israel. Syria, aligned with the <span class="mw-redirect">Soviet bloc</span>, began sponsoring guerrilla raids on Israel in the early 1960s as part of its "people's war of liberation", designed to deflect domestic opposition to the Ba'ath Party.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_day_war#cite_note-29"><span></span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Water_dispute">Water dispute</span></h3> <p>In 1964, Israel began drawing water from the Jordan River for its <span class="mw-redirect">National Water Carrier</span>, reducing the flow that reached Hashemite territory. The following year, the Arab states began construction of the <span class="mw-redirect">Headwater Diversion Plan</span>, which, once completed, would divert the waters of the Banias Stream before the water entered Israel and the Sea of Galilee, to flow instead into a dam at Mukhaiba for use by Jordan and Syria, and divert the waters of the <span class="mw-redirect">Hasbani</span> into the Litani River, in Lebanon.<sup id="cite_ref-bar-on135_30-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> The diversion works would have reduced the installed capacity of Israel's carrier by about 35%, and Israel's overall water supply by about 11%.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup></p> <p>The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) attacked the diversion works in Syria in March, May, and August 1965, perpetuating a prolonged chain of border violence that linked directly to the events leading to war.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_day_war#cite_note-32"><span></span><span></span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Israel.2C_Jordan.2C_and_the_West_Bank_Palestinians">Israel, Jordan, and the West Bank Palestinians</span></h3> <p>The long border between Jordan and Israel was tense since the beginning of Fatah's guerrilla operations in January 1965. While Syria was the main supporter of such operations, Israel viewed the state from which the raids were perpetrated as responsible. <sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_day_war#cite_note-34"><span></span></a></sup></p> <p>On the morning of November 13, the Israel Defense Force mobilized, crossed the border into the West Bank and attacked Es Samu. The attacking force consisted of 3,000-4,000 soldiers backed by tanks and aircraft. They were divided into a reserve force, which remained on the Israeli side of the border, and two raiding parties, which crossed into the West Bank.</p> <p>The 48th Infantry Battalion of the Jordanian Army ran into the Israeli forces northwest of Samu; and two companies approaching from the northeast were intercepted by the Israelis, while a platoon of Jordanians armed with two 106 mm recoilless guns entered Samu. The Jordanian Air Force intervened as well and a Jordanian Hunter fighter was shot down in the action. In the ensuing battles, three Jordanian civilians and 15 soldiers were killed; 54 other soldiers and 96 civilians were wounded. The commander of the Israeli paratroop battalion, Colonel Yoav Shaham, was killed and 10 other Israeli soldiers were wounded.</p><span class="editsection"></span><h3>Israel and Syria</h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Israel_and_Syria"></span> <p>In addition to sponsoring attacks against Israel, Syria repeatedly shelled Israeli civilian communities in northeastern Galilee from positions on the Golan Heights, as part of the dispute over control of the <span class="mw-redirect">Demilitarized Zones</span> (DMZs), small parcels of land claimed by both Israel and Syria. <sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><span></span></sup></p> <p>Israel was accused of harassing Arab farmers in the <span class="mw-redirect">Demilitarized Zone</span> and opening fire on Syrian military positions, while Israeli armored tractors were cultivating Arab land in the Demilitarized Zone, backed by Israel armed forces illegally placed there.<br /></p> <p>In 1966, Egypt and Syria signed a defense pact whereby each country would support the other if it were attacked.<br /></p> <p>During a visit to London in February 1967, Israeli Foreign Minister Abba Eban briefed journalists on Israel's "hopes and anxieties" explaining to those present that, although the governments of Lebanon, Jordan and the United Arab Republic (Egypt's official name until 1971) seemed to have decided against active confrontation with Israel, it remained to be seen whether Syria could maintain a minimal level of restraint at which hostility was confined to rhetoric.</p> <p>On April 7, 1967, a minor border incident escalated into a full-scale aerial battle over the Golan Heights, resulting in the loss of six Syrian <span class="mw-redirect">MiG-21s</span> to Israeli Air Force (IAF) Dassault Mirage IIIs, and the latter's flight over Damascus. Tanks, heavy mortars, and artillery were used in various sections along the 47 mile (76 km) border in what was described as "a dispute over cultivation rights in the demilitarized zone south-east of <span class="mw-redirect">Lake Tiberias</span>." Earlier in the week, Syria had twice attacked an Israeli tractor working in the area and when it returned on the morning of April 7 the Syrians opened fire again. The Israelis responded by sending in armor-plated tractors to continue ploughing, resulting in further exchanges of fire. Israeli aircraft dive-bombed Syrian positions with 250 and 500 kg bombs. The Syrians responded by shelling Israeli border settlements heavily, and Israeli jets retaliated by bombing the village of Sqoufiye, destroying around 40 houses in the process. At 15:19 Syrian shells started falling on Kibbutz Gadot; over 300 landed within the kibbutz compound in 40 minutes. The United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) attempted to arrange a ceasefire, but Syria declined to co-operate unless Israeli agricultural work was halted.</p>Border incidents multiplied and numerous Arab leaders, both political and military, called for an end to Israeli reprisals. Egypt, then already trying to seize a central position in the Arab world under Nasser, accompanied these declarations with plans to re-militarize the Sinai. Syria shared these views, although it didn't prepare for an immediate invasion. The Soviet Union actively backed the military needs of the Arab states. <sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><span></span></sup> <h3><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Removal_of_U.N._peacekeepers_from_Egypt">Removal of U.N. peacekeepers from Egypt</span></h3> <p>At 10:00 p.m. on May 16, the commander of United Nations Emergency Force, General Indar Jit Rikhye, was handed a letter from General Mohammed Fawzy, Chief of Staff of the United Arab Republic, reading: "To your information, I gave my instructions to all U.A.R. armed forces to be ready for action against Israel, the moment it might carry out any aggressive action against any Arab country. Due to these instructions our troops are already concentrated in Sinai on our eastern border. For the sake of complete security of all U.N. troops which install OPs along our borders, I request that you issue your orders to withdraw all these troops immediately." Rikhye said he would report to the Secretary-General for instructions.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><span></span></sup></p> <p>The Governments of India and Yugoslavia decided to withdraw their troops from UNEF, regardless of the decision of U Thant. While this was taking place, U Thant suggested that UNEF be redeployed to the Israeli side of the border, but Israel refused, arguing that UNEF contingents from countries hostile to Israel would be more likely to impede an Israeli response to Egyptian aggression than to stop that aggression in the first place. The Permanent Representative of Egypt then informed U Thant that the Egyptian government had decided to terminate UNEF's presence in the Sinai and the Gaza Strip, and requested steps that would withdraw the force as soon as possible. The UNEF commander was given the order to begin withdrawal on May 19. Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser then began the re-militarization of the Sinai, and concentrated tanks and troops there.<sup id="cite_ref-MFA:_The_Arab-Israeli_Wars_69-0" class="reference"><span></span></sup></p> <p>The withdrawal of UNEF was to be spaced over a period of some weeks. The troops were to be withdrawn by air and by sea from Port Said. The withdrawal plan envisaged that the last personnel of UNEF would leave the area on June 30, 1967. On the morning of May 27, Egypt demanded that the Canadian contingent be evacuated within 48 hours "on grounds of the attitude adopted by the Government of Canada in connection with UNEF and the United Arab Republic Government's request for its withdrawal, and "to prevent any probable reaction from the people of the United Arab Republic against the Canadian Forces in UNEF."" The withdrawal of the Canadian contingent was accelerated and completed on May 31, with the effect that UNEF was left without its logistics and air support components. In the war itself 15 members of the remaining force were killed and the rest evacuated through Israel.</p><span class="editsection"></span><h3><span><span class="mw-headline" id="Israel.2C_Jordan.2C_and_the_West_Bank_Palestinians"></span></span>The Straits of Tiran</h3> <p>In 1967, Israeli leaders repeatedly threatened to invade Syria and overthrow the Syrian government if Palestinian guerrilla actions across the border did not cease. On May 13, the Soviets informed Egypt officially that Israel was massing troops and was planning on invading Syria. On May 22, Egypt responded by announcing, in addition to the UN withdrawal, that the Straits of Tiran would be closed to "all ships flying Israeli flags or carrying strategic materials", with effect from May 23.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><span></span></sup></p> <p>The rights of Egypt regarding the Straits of Tiran had been debated at the General Assembly pursuant to Israel's withdrawal from the Sinai following the Suez Crisis. A number of states, including Australia, Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States argued that the Straits were international waters, and, as such, all vessels had the right of "free and unhampered passage" through them. India, however, argued that Egypt was entitled to require foreign ships to obtain its consent before seeking access to the gulf because its territorial sea covered the Strait of Tiran. Citing international law, Israel considered the closure of the straits to be illegal, and it had stated it would consider such a blockade a <i>casus belli</i> in 1957 when it withdrew from the Sinai and Gaza. Egypt stated that the Gulf of Aqaba had always been a national inland waterway subject to the sovereignty of the only three legitimate littoral States — Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt — who had the right to bar enemy vessels. The representative of the United Arab Republic further stated that "Israel's claim to have a port on the Gulf was considered invalid, as Israel was alleged to have occupied several miles of coastline on the Gulfline, including Umm Rashrash, in violation of Security Council resolutions of 1948 and the Egyptian-Israel General Armistice Agreement."<br /></p><h3>Egypt and Jordan</h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Egypt_and_Jordan"></span> <p>On May 30, Jordan signed a mutual defense treaty with Egypt, thereby joining the military alliance already in place between Egypt and Syria. The move surprised both Egyptians and foreign observers, because President Nasser had generally been at odds with Hussein, calling him an "imperialist lackey" just days earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_onthisday_93-0" class="reference"><span></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_onthisday_93-1" class="reference"><span></span></sup></p> <p>At the end of May 1967, Jordanian forces were given to the command of an Egyptian general, Abdul Munim Riad. On the same day, Nasser proclaimed: "The armies of Egypt, Jordan and Syria are poised on the borders of Israel to face the challenge, while standing behind us are the armies of Iraq, Algeria, Kuwait, Sudan and the whole Arab nation.<br /></p> <p>On June 3, days before the war, Egypt flew to Amman two battalions of commandos tasked with infiltrating Israel's borders and engaging in attacks and bombings so as to draw IDF into a Jordanian front and ease the pressure on the Egyptians. Soviet-made artillery and Egyptian military supplies and crews were also flown to Jordan.<br /></p><br /></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-87048142542479988852010-09-14T06:55:00.000-07:002010-09-15T05:51:55.971-07:00Watch Six (6) Day War Videos and Footage<div style="text-align: justify;">Watch Six (6) Day War Videos and Footage.<br /><br />Six (6) Day War Videos and Footage Part 1, Operation Moked was launched at 7:45 am Israeli time (8:45 Egyptian time). Nearly all of Israel's 196 combat aircraft (mostly French/Dassault) were committed to the airstrike, with only twelve being held back to patrol Israeli airspace.<br /><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/J0dT3hqmzGw?fs=1&hl=en_US&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/J0dT3hqmzGw?fs=1&hl=en_US&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><br /><br /><br />Six (6) Day War Videos and Footage Part 2<br /><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/tDrBlalAp0M?fs=1&hl=en_US&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/tDrBlalAp0M?fs=1&hl=en_US&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><br /><br /><br />Six (6) Day War Videos and Footage Part 3<br /><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/GCzOv5RGQJ0?fs=1&hl=en_US&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/GCzOv5RGQJ0?fs=1&hl=en_US&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><br /><br /><br />Six (6) Day War Videos and Footage Part 4<br /><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/HB8WFEy9-mk?fs=1&hl=en_US&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/HB8WFEy9-mk?fs=1&hl=en_US&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><br /></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6572078504362172221.post-59685026619719725332010-09-12T04:04:00.000-07:002010-09-12T04:22:39.910-07:00Six (6) Day War 1967<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirHGHgG-NIQbcgvbeF2W6stZiEyPZu0ofbGwGQklkRTWCIjsAiSH5JaKeDHcFJZGA8qdtgXC3DvyJwFiylVndw8qqQaiB6kFcRI6QVIFyLcOeW6ejhdjVAsza8ArJ4uy5sScm9qzDRxeA/s1600/a.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 257px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirHGHgG-NIQbcgvbeF2W6stZiEyPZu0ofbGwGQklkRTWCIjsAiSH5JaKeDHcFJZGA8qdtgXC3DvyJwFiylVndw8qqQaiB6kFcRI6QVIFyLcOeW6ejhdjVAsza8ArJ4uy5sScm9qzDRxeA/s320/a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5515985040671859058" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;"><p>The <b>Six (6) Day War 1967</b> or <b>June War</b> (<i>Milhemet Sheshet Ha Yamim</i>), also known as the <b>1967 Arab-Israeli War</b> or the <b>Third Arab-Israeli War</b>, was fought between June 5 and June 10, 1967, by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, known then as the United Arab Republic (UAR), Jordan, and Syria. At the war's end, Israel had seized the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. The status of the Israeli-occupied territories and the concurrent refugee problem, are central concerns in the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict, raising issues in international law, and having far-reaching consequences in global affairs.</p> <p>After the 1956 Suez Crisis, Egypt agreed to the stationing of a United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) in the Sinai to ensure all parties would comply with the 1949 Armistice Agreements. In the following years there were numerous minor border clashes between Israel and its Arab neighbors, particularly Syria. In early November, 1966, Syria signed a mutual defense agreement with Egypt. After several attacks on Israel that killed and injured dozens of people, reportedly by the Palestinian fedayeen group Fatah, three Israeli paratroopers were killed when they ran over a mine. In response Israel attacked the city of as-Samu in the Jordanian-occupied West Bank. Jordanian units sent to engage the Israelis were quickly beaten back. King Hussein of Jordan criticized Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser for failing to come to Jordan's aid, and "hiding behind UNEF skirts". In May of 1967, Nasser received false reports from the Soviet Union that Israel was massing on the Syrian border. In response Nasser began massing his troops in the Sinai Peninsula on Israel's border (May 16), expelled the UNEF force from Gaza and Sinai (May 19) and took up UNEF positions at Sharm el-Sheikh, overlooking the Straits of Tiran. Israel reiterated declarations made in 1957 that any closure of the Straits would be considered an act of war, or justification for war. Nasser declared the Straits closed to Israeli shipping on May 22–23. On June 1, Israel formed a National Unity Government by widening its cabinet, and on June 4 the decision was made to go to war. The next morning, Israel launched Operation Focus, a large-scale surprise air strike that was the opening of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Six (6) Day War 1967</span>.</p> <p>Israel completed a decisive air offensive in the first two days, then carried out three successful land campaigns. The air campaign caught Egyptian aircraft still on the ground. It crippled the Egyptian, Syrian and Iraqi air forces, destroyed Jordan's Air Force, and rapidly established complete air supremacy, which accelerated subsequent victories on land. The Sinai ground campaign from June 5–8 broke through Egyptian defenses, blocked their escape, and imposed disastrous losses, leading to Egypt's unconditional acceptance of a cease-fire on June 9. From June 5–7, Israel seized Jerusalem, Hebron, and the entire West Bank from Jordan. The battle with Syria for the heavily fortified Golan Heights lasted from June 9 to June 10.</p> <p>The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Six (6) Day War 1967</span> has been characterized as a preemptive war, an "inadvertent war", and an action designed to preserve the credibility of Israel's deterrence strategy, among other things. Israel and Egypt have both been described as either the victim or the aggressor. The war established Israel as the premier military power in the region and left it in control of more defensible boundaries and in a position to threaten Damascus, Cairo, and Amman. The nature and outcome of the war caused a significant realignment in the competition for power between the Arab states, brought secular nationalism into widespread disfavor among Arabs, and led to a concurrent rise in the growth and influence of Islamism in the Arab world.</p><table class="infobox vevent" style="width: 396px; border-spacing: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; height: 1680px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Six-Day War</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.5em;font-size:90%;"><span class="image"><img alt="Six Day War Terrritories.png" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Six_Day_War_Terrritories.png/260px-Six_Day_War_Terrritories.png" width="260" height="391" /></span><br />Israel's territories before and after the Six Day War. The Straits of Tiran are circled, between the Gulf of Aqaba to the north and the Red Sea to the south.</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0pt; padding: 0pt; border: 0pt none;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Date</th> <td><span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1967-06-05">June 5, 1967</span><span style="display: none;"> (<span class="dtstart">1967-06-05</span>)</span> – June 10, 1967</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Location</th> <td><span class="location">Middle East</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Result</th> <td>Decisive Israeli victory</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Territorial<br />changes</th> <td>Israel captured the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria.</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Belligerents</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; border-right: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170);"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="16" /> </span>Israel</td> <td style="width: 50%; padding-left: 0.25em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_United_Arab_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_United_Arab_Republic.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="15" /> </span>Egypt<br /><span class="image"><img alt="Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963-1991%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963-1991%29.svg.png" width="22" height="15" /></span> Syria<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="11" /> </span>Jordan<br /><b>Arab Expeditionary Forces:</b><sup id="cite_ref-krauthammer_0-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963-1991%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963-1991%29.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="15" /> </span>Iraq<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="15" /></span> Saudi Arabia<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Morocco" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="15" /></span> Morocco<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Algeria" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="15" /></span> Algeria<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Libya" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Libya_%281951%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya_%281951%29.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="11" /></span> Libya<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Tunisia" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="15" /></span> Tunisia<br /><span class="image"><img alt="Flag of Sudan (1956-1970).svg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Sudan_%281956-1970%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan_%281956-1970%29.svg.png" width="23" height="12" /></span> Sudan<br /><span class="image"><img alt="Plo emblem.png" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/Plo_emblem.png/22px-Plo_emblem.png" width="22" height="25" /></span> PLO<br /></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Commanders and leaders</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; border-right: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170);"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Israel" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="16" /></span> Yitzhak Rabin,<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Israel" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="16" /></span> Moshe Dayan,<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Israel" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="16" /></span> Uzi Narkiss,<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Israel" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="16" /></span> Israel Tal,<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Israel" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="16" /></span> Mordechai Hod,<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Israel" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="16" /></span> <span class="new">Yeshayahu Gavish</span>,<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Israel" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="16" /></span> Ariel Sharon,<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Israel" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="16" /></span> Ezer Weizman</td> <td style="width: 50%; padding-left: 0.25em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Egypt" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_United_Arab_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_United_Arab_Republic.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="15" /></span> Abdel Hakim Amer,<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Egypt" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_United_Arab_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_United_Arab_Republic.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="15" /></span> Abdul Munim Riad,<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Jordan" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="11" /></span> Zaid ibn Shaker,<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Jordan" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="11" /></span> Asad Ghanma,<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Iraq" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963-1991%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963-1991%29.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="15" /></span> Hafez al-Assad,<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Iraq" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963-1991%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963-1991%29.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" height="15" /></span> Abdul Rahman Arif</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Strength</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; border-right: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170);">50,000 troops<br />214,000 reserves<br />300 combat aircraft<br />800 tanks <sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_2004.2C_p._176_1-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> <p><b>Total troops: 264,000</b><br />100,000 deployed</p> </td> <td style="width: 50%; padding-left: 0.25em;">Egypt: 240,000<br />Syria, Jordan, and Iraq: 307,000<br />957 combat aircraft<br />2,504 tanks<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_2004.2C_p._176_1-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> <p><b>Total troops: 547,000</b><br />240,000 deployed</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Casualties and losses</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; border-right: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170);">776<sup id="cite_ref-Israel_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_2-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup>–983<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych3_3-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> killed:<br />4,517 wounded<br />15 captured,<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych3_3-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />46 aircraft destroyed</td> <td style="width: 50%; padding-left: 0.25em;"><b>Egypt</b> – 10,000<sup id="cite_ref-Gammasy_p.79_4-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup>–15,000<sup id="cite_ref-Chaim_Herzog_1982.2C_p._165_5-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> killed, wounded & missing. 4,338 captured<sup id="cite_ref-Israel_Ministry_2004_6-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br /><b>Jordan</b> – 700<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych3_3-2" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup>–6,000<sup id="cite_ref-Herzog_p._183_7-0" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup> killed or missing. 533 captured.<sup id="cite_ref-Israel_Ministry_2004_6-1" class="reference"><span></span><span></span></sup><br /><b>Syria</b> – 2,500 killed, 591 captured.<br /><b>Iraq</b> – 10 killed, 30 wounded<br /><b>Total</b> – between 11,700 and 23,500 killed 5,500+ captured, hundreds of tanks destroyed and 452+ aircraft destroyed.</td></tr></tbody></table></div>Peace Keeperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14874022469012069282noreply@blogger.com